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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Zeigarnik effect |
Tendency to remember uncompleted tasks better than completed ones
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Resolution of approach-approach conflict (Lewin)
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Ambivalence
Then movement toward one goal Selected goal becomes more attractive |
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Resolution of avoidance-avoidance conflict (Lewin)
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Rejecting both alternatives
Or, if that isn't possible: Vacillating Achieving an equilibrium between the two |
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Resolution to approach-avoidance conflict (Lewin)
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Drawn and repelled by same situation
Try to achieve equilibrum Approaching goal, both feelings increase Avoidance steeper than approach gradient So avoidance dominates |
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Def: fundamental attribution error *
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Tendency to
underestimate the impact of situations and over estimate the role of personal factors in explaining other's behavior |
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Def: actor-observer effect
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Tendency to make situational attributions
in explaining our own behavior |
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Def: self-serving bias *
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Bias towards
attributing successes to personal factors failures to situation factors |
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Def: belief in a just world
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Tendency to blame the victim
To support belief that we deserve what we get But not more harsh in their judgements |
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def: false consensus bias
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Belief that others share our world view
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Def: primacy effect
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Tendency to overrate first impressions
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Def: trait negativity bias
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Tendency to overrate negative attributes
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Def: confirmation bias
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Tendency to prefer information that confirms our own beliefs
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According to social comparison theory (Festinger) how do other people affect our self concept?
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When we are uncertain about opinions or feelings, we compare ourselves to similar others
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Def: self-fulfilling prophecy
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idea that one's expectation for an event serves to make it actually occur
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A person with high self-esteem attributes his/her achievements to:
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Causes which are:
internal stable controllable intentional specific |
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Most important factor in the development of altruism
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Responsibility for the welfare of others
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Social characteristics of the elderly who appear on TV
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Physical activity
Increasing health problems Increasing ratings of authority and esteem |
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Base rate fallacy
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Tendency to ignore the frequency of an event
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High achievers attribute failures to...
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Internal, unstable and controllable factors
Ie next time you can succeed |
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Def: additive tasks in groups
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Outcome is a combination of individual efforts
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Def: conjuctive tasks in groups
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Each person has his/her own goal; hence performance is limited by the weakest link
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Def: disjunctive tasks in groups
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Any solution is OK; so performance depends on strongest contributor
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Def: compensatory tasks in groups
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Group product is average performance
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Desc the Prisoner's Delemma game and conclusions
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People are presented with a situation in which if they cooperate they will both receive modest rewards. If they compete, one will get a big reward, and the other nothing. In fact, they begin to compete immediately.
Outside our family we tend to be hostile and suspicious. |
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Describe a Guttman scale *
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Items are arranged in an order so that if an individual agrees with one item he also agrees with the ones below it.
Eg: If you would marry a New Yorker, you would also be willing to live next door to one. |
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Def: reactance *
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Tendency to react in a way that is opposite of what is requested or desired
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Effective strategies for an AIDS prevention program for low risk people *
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Target peer norms
peer-based AIDS education encounters with peers with AIDS peer moderated discussion groups |
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Bystander apathy
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Liklihood of help decreases as the number of bystanders increases
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