According to the authors in Chapter 3 of the text, the four stages of the perceptual process are attention and selection, organization, interpretation, and retrieval. In the first stage of the perceptual process, attention and selection, individuals resolve to selective screening in order to filter a high volume of information. Selective screening is two-fold: one is channeled through controlled screening in which an individual chooses to pay attention to certain information and ignore the rest; and the second screening is channeled through unconscious awareness, also referred to as the selectivity of attention (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn, 2014).
After the selective screening process has taken place, it is then necessary to organize the information in the second stage – organization. This organization of information is accomplished by the four most commonly used schemas – script schema, self-schema and person schemas; which are all cognitive frameworks that represent organized knowledge developed through experience about a given concept or stimulus (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn, 2014).
Once the information is organized, the next …show more content…
Stereotyping, or assigning common attributes of a group to an individual, is one of the most simplifying devices. Also, the halo effect – where an overall impression of a person is based on simply one of their attributes. Another common distortion is selective perception; defined as an individual singling out problems from their own point of view. A projection distortion typically occurs in the interpretation stage as is assigns personal attributes onto other individuals. Additionally, a contrast effect occurs when a defining moment is based in contrast with another recent event. Lastly, the authors define a self-fulfilling prophecy as an instance in which an individual expects and receives the expected outcome (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn,
After the selective screening process has taken place, it is then necessary to organize the information in the second stage – organization. This organization of information is accomplished by the four most commonly used schemas – script schema, self-schema and person schemas; which are all cognitive frameworks that represent organized knowledge developed through experience about a given concept or stimulus (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn, 2014).
Once the information is organized, the next …show more content…
Stereotyping, or assigning common attributes of a group to an individual, is one of the most simplifying devices. Also, the halo effect – where an overall impression of a person is based on simply one of their attributes. Another common distortion is selective perception; defined as an individual singling out problems from their own point of view. A projection distortion typically occurs in the interpretation stage as is assigns personal attributes onto other individuals. Additionally, a contrast effect occurs when a defining moment is based in contrast with another recent event. Lastly, the authors define a self-fulfilling prophecy as an instance in which an individual expects and receives the expected outcome (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn,