Endocrine System

Front 1

Endocrine System is?

Back 1

Made up of glands that release chemicals, known as hormones, into the bloodstream

Front 2

What do Hormones do?

Back 2

Deliver messages throughout the body

Front 3

What are Target Cells

Back 3

Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

Front 4

What does it mean when a cell does not have receptors or the receptor does not respond to a hormone?

Back 4

That hormone has no effect on it

Front 5

What does a Gland do?

Back 5

Produced and releases secretion

Front 6

What are two types of Glands?

Back 6

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands

Front 7

What does the Endocrine glands do?

Back 7

Release their secretions directly into the bloodstream

Hint 7

Red

Front 8

What does the Exocrine glands do?

Back 8

Release secretions through ducts directly to the organs that use them.

Front 9

What is Negative Feedback?

Back 9

Once a hormone level is high enough, it inhibits the release of that hormone so the gland will no longer receive a signal to produce it

Front 10

What does the Hypothalamus do?

Back 10

Makes hormones that directly control the pituitary gland. Also makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland.

Front 11

What does the Pituitary gland do?

Back 11

Produces hormones that regulate many other endocrine glands

Front 12

What does Adrenal glands do?

Back 12

Releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, which help the body respond to stress.

Front 13

What does the Testes do?

Back 13

They produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

Front 14

What does Ovaries do?

Back 14

Produces estrogen, which is required for the development of female secondary sex characteristics, and progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a fertilised egg.

Front 15

What does the Thymus do?

Back 15

During childhood, it releases thymosin, which stimulates the development of T-cells in the immune system.

Hint 15

Only during childhood

Front 16

What does the Pancreas do?

Back 16

Produces insulin and glucagon, which regulates the level of glucose in the blood

Hint 16

Can determine Diabetes

Front 17

What does the Thyroid do?

Back 17

Produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism throughout the body.

Front 18

What does the Pineal gland do?

Back 18

Releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities.

Front 19

What is Parathyroid gland?

Back 19

Four glands that help regulate the levels of calcium in the body.

Hint 19

Four glands

Front 20

What is the bridge between the nervous and endocrine system?

Back 20

Hypothalamus

Front 21

Releasing Hormones are?

Back 21

Neuro-hormomes secreted from the Hypothalamus, upon activation.

Front 22

Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex is?

Back 22

Interaction between the nervous and endocrine system is seen in.

Front 23

What is Hypopituitarism?

Back 23

Diminished hormone secretion by the pituitary gland. Causes dwarfism in children and premature aging in adults.

Front 24

What is Hyperpituitarism?

Back 24

Gigantism condition characterised by excessive growth and can be cause by a tumour on the pituitary gland.

Front 25

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Back 25

Body produces too much thyroxine. Characterised by elevated temperature and metabolic rate, increased blood pressure, and weight loss.

Front 26

What is a Goiter?

Back 26

Enlargement of the Thyroid gland caused by an iodine deficiency.

Front 27

What are the two different sections of the Adrenal gland?

Back 27

Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla.

Front 28

What does the Adrenal Cortex do?

Back 28

Releases corticosteroid, like cortisol, and aldosterone, which controls stress, immune response, regulation of metabolism, blood electrolytes, and behaviour.

Front 29

What does the Adrenal Medulla do?

Back 29

Releases epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare body for energy-intensive activities. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow. Opens air passageways and stimulates the release of extra glucose.

Front 30

What do Pancreas Islets do?

Back 30

Produce insulin and glucagon to keep level of glucose in the blood stable.

Front 31

What are Steroid Hormones produced from?

Back 31

Cholesterol.

Front 32

Hormone Action steps for Steroid Hormones

Back 32

1. Can cross cell membrane and bind to a receptor to form a hormone-receptor

2. It then enters the nucleus, where it binds to a DNA control sequence

3. This initiate transcription of gene to an RNA. mRNA moves into the cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis

4. Because Steroid Hormones affect gene expression directly, they can produce dramatic changes in the cell and organism activity

Hint 32

4 steps

Front 33

Hormone Action step for Non-Steroid Hormones

Back 33

1. They cannot pass through the cell membrane

2. A Non-Steroid Hormones binds to receptors on the cell membrane. This activates an enzyme on the inside of the membrane

3. This enzyme activates secondary messengers that carry messages of Hormones inside the cell. These messengers activate and inhibit many cell activities.

Hint 33

Only 3 steps

Front 34

What is Prostaglandins?

Back 34

Modified fatty acids that affect nearby cells and tissues known as "local Hormones." All cells (except red blood cells) produce small amounts of hormone like substances called Prostaglandins.

Front 35

How is the Endocrine system regulated?

Back 35

By an internal feedback mechanism that functions to maintain homeostasis.

Front 36

What is Complementary Hormone Action?

Back 36

Sometimes two hormones with opposite effects act to regulate part of the body's internal environment. Such a Complementary system regulates the level of calcium ions in the bloodstream.

Front 37

What is Insulin?

Back 37

Produced by beta cells and released when the blood sugar level is high. It makes cells more permeable to glucose. Glucose can then be converted to glycogen to be stored.

Front 38

What is Glucagon?

Back 38

Produced by alpha cells and released when blood sugar level is low. It promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose, which is absorbed by the blood.

Front 39

What is a good example of Complementary Hormone Action?

Back 39

Both Insulin and Glucagon

Front 40

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Back 40

"Insulin-dependent Diabetes." Pancreas failure to produce enough insulin.

Hint 40

When you have to inject Insulin

Front 41

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Back 41

"Non Insulin-dependent Diabetes." Cells fail to respond to insulin properly

Hint 41

I could get this