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150 Cards in this Set
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A patient with a medical history of sickle cell anemia is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is breathing 26 times a minute in short, shallow respirations. However, the patient's oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry is 100 percent on room air. The best approach regarding supplemental oxygen is to: // do nothing; no supplemental oxygen is necessary. // place the patient on a nonrebreather mask. // place the patient on a simple face mask. // place the patient on a nasal cannula.
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place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.
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Which of the following organs may seriously be damaged in sickle cell anemia, and often subsequently leads to severe infections?
Kidneys Liver Lungs Spleen |
Spleen
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How frequently does the majority of peritoneal dialysis require treatment?
Answer Once a day Three to five times a week Once a week Multiple treatments a day |
Multiple treatments a day
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How many times a week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment?
Answer Five Three One Seven |
3
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Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to dialyze at home through:
Answer the abdomen. an AV fistula. the urethra. a dialysis machine. |
the abdomen
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Which of the following medications does NOT interfere with the blood-clotting process?
Answer Omeprazole Clopidogrel Warfarin Heparin |
Omeprazole
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_________ patients are at high risk for acquiring the inherited disorder called sickle cell anemia.
Answer Native American African American Eastern European Hispanic |
African American
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Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia patients may occasionally experience _________, causing a blockage of small blood vessels.
Answer sludging aggregation clotting clumping |
sludging
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The most frequently transplanted organ is the:
Answer kidney. liver. heart. pancreas. |
kidney
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Approximately what percentage of United States dialysis patients treat themselves at home?
Answer 50 percent 8 percent 25 percent 85 percent |
8 percent
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Hemodialysis is used to help the kidneys filter ________ and remove excess ________.
Answer toxins; fluids blood; cholesterol electrolytes; hormones urine; poisons |
toxins; fluids
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You suspect a patient who has been having a difficult time controlling the bleeding following a small laceration to the foot may have a history of:
Answer taking blood thinners. poorly controlled diabetes. high blood pressure. sickle cell anemia. |
taking blood thinners
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How long does a typical hemodialysis treatment last?
Answer 10 to 12 hours 1 to 2 hours 7 to 8 hours 3 to 4 hours |
3 to 4 hours
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Dialysis patients who have missed an appointment may present with signs of _________, which is a similar presentation to _________.
Answer chest pain; acute myocardial infarction shortness of breath; pneumonia neurological disturbances; stroke pulmonary edema; congestive heart failure |
pulmonary edema; congestive heart failure
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Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are _________ and _________.
Answer high cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms hypertension; diabetes heart failure; stroke blood clots; COPD |
hypertension; diabetes
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The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they require dialysis to survive is:
Answer hepatic failure. acute renal failure. end-stage renal disease. terminal kidney disease. |
end-stage renal disease
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The sensation felt when palpating an arterial-venous fistula or shunt is known as a:
Answer frill. fluttering. thrill. bruit. |
thrill
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Which of the following pathologies make patients at high risk for acute renal failure?
Answer Polycystic kidney disease Hypertension Shock Uncontrolled diabetes |
Shock
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A patient with renal disease who is currently on dialysis and missed an appointment may present with dangerously high levels of the electrolyte:
Answer sodium. phosphorous. potassium. calcium. |
potassium
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Why might you consider contacting medical direction before applying a tourniquet in the case of uncontrollable bleeding from an AV fistula?
Answer The patient may be in danger of losing the limb. Damage to the fistula may occur. Hemodialysis anticoagulants may make bleeding more severe. Medical direction should be contacted before any use of tourniquets. |
Damage to the fistula may occur
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Patients with a history of chronic anemia may present with which of the following signs and symptoms?
Answer Flushed appearance and shortness of breath Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion Yellowing of the skin and dyspnea on exertion Bluish discoloration of the skin and shortness of breath |
Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion
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The medications that transplant patients need to take for the rest of their lives to prevent organ rejection also often lead to high susceptibility of:
Answer congestive heart failure. ulcers. infection. renal failure. |
infection
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Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection?
Answer Fistula infection Cellulitis Decubitus ulcers Peritonitis |
Peritonitis
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Approximately how many Americans are currently on some type of dialysis?
Answer 200,000 100,000 50,000 350,000 |
350,000
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What is one of the most common diseases to affect the renal and urinary system?
Answer Kidney stones End-stage renal disease Urinary tract infections Acute renal failure |
Urinary tract infections
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Which of the following is the least effective method of controlling bleeding?
Answer Direct pressure Elevation Tourniquet Hemostatic agent |
Elevation
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Which of the following is responsible for MOST of the signs and symptoms of early shock?
Answer External bleeding Internal bleeding Dilation of the peripheral blood vessels The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss |
The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss
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Which one of the following is incorrect in the application of a tourniquet?
Answer The tourniquet should be placed approximately 2 inches above the bleeding. The tourniquet should be 2 to 4 inches wide. A blood pressure cuff can be used as a tourniquet. If possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint |
If possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint.
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Which of the following distinguishes irreversible shock from other stages of shock?
Answer Cell damage and death in the vital organs Altered mental status Delayed capillary refill time Low blood pressure |
Cell damage and death in the vital organs
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Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis?
Answer Pinching the nostrils TOGETHER Keeping the patient calm and quiet Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position |
Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose
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Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood?
Answer It is a life-giving liquid that supports all the body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion. It clots, flows, transports, protects, and excretes to fight disease and life. It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation. It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion. |
It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.
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Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient's compensatory response to blood loss?
Answer Hypotension Tachycardia Tachypnea Pale, cool skin |
Hypotension
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Which of the following is the most sensitive indicator of shock?
Answer Delayed capillary refill Dilation of the pupils Increased heart rate Altered mental status |
Altered mental status
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Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body's cellular level?
Answer Hydrostatic pressure Perfusion Osmosis Circulation |
Perfusion
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In which of the following instances would PASG be an appropriate choice to control bleeding?
Answer Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities A knife impaled in the abdomen A laceration of the large veins of the neck A gunshot wound to the chest |
Multiple lacerations to the lower extremities
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Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will encounter?
Answer Vomiting High blood pressure Hemorrhage Excessive sweating |
Hemorrhage
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Your accident patient has abrasions to his hands and face, and blood is saturating the thigh area of both legs of his jeans. A rapid trauma assessment reveals that the patient has swelling and deformity of both thighs. Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the on-scene management of this patient?
Answer The use of a long backboard The use of traction splinting for the lower extremity injuries The use of PASG The use of high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask |
The use of traction splinting for the lower extremity injuries
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Often times an EMT is called upon to treat a nose bleed (epistaxis). All of the following are correct ways to treat a nose bleed EXCEPT:
Answer have the patient sit down and lean backwards. apply direct pressure to the fleshy portion around the nostrils. keep the patient calm. place the patient in the recovery position if the patient becomes unconscious or is unable to control his own airway. |
have the patient sit down and lean backwards.
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External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which one of the following is one of those types?
Answer Cardiac bleeding Brain bleeding Capillary bleeding Liver bleeding |
Capillary bleeding
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Shock is the circulatory system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the body's tissues. Which of the answers is not a major type of shock?
Answer Hypovolemic Hemorrhagic Hypervolemic Cardiogenic |
Hypervolemic
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Which of the following is another way of describing the condition of shock?
Answer Internal bleeding Hypotension Hypoperfusion Hemorrhage |
Hypoperfusion
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As an EMT, your best clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence of:
Answer a tender, rigid, or distended abdomen. painful, swollen, or deformed extremities. mechanism of injury. bruising, swelling, or pain over vital organs. |
mechanism of injury.
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Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding?
Answer Running cold water over the wound Direct pressure with a dressing Elevating the affected part Using an ice pack |
Direct pressure with a dressing
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In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass?
Answer Capillaries Microvenules Arterioles Veins |
Capillaries
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Which of the following is part of the body's compensatory response to blood loss?
Answer Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate increases. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate decreases. Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate decreases. |
Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases.
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Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?
Answer Arteries Capillaries Veins Arterioles |
Veins
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Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
Answer Steady flow Dark red color Spurting under pressure Both B and C |
Spurting under pressure
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Your patient has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this patient?
Answer High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the extremity, and application of ice Cervical spine immobilization, high-concentration oxygen, direct pressure, and pressure point compression High-concentration oxygen, tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg |
Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg
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Which of the following circumstances may result in hypoperfusion?
Answer There is external bleeding. Blood vessels are dilated. The heart is damaged. All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation?
Answer Arteries Capillaries Veins Lymphatic vessels |
Arteries
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Which of the following is a major function of the skin?
Answer Excretion of wastes Protection from the environment Temperature regulation All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin?
Answer Dermis Epidermis Adipose tissue Fascia |
Epidermis
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A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, is called a(n):
Answer abrasion. contusion. avulsion. evisceration. |
abrasion
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Burns pose a greater risk to infants and children for which of the following reasons?
Answer Pediatric patients have a greater risk of heart problems associated with the burn. Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn. Infants and children have a greater risk of infection from the burn. None of the above |
Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn.
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Your patient has a burn on her right thigh that is red and painful, but without blisters. When caring for this injury in the prehospital setting, which of the following is appropriate?
Answer Apply an antibiotic ointment. Apply a lotion containing a topical anesthetic and aloe vera. Apply a plastic bag full of ice to the skin. Apply a dry dressing. |
Apply a dry dressing.
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Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness burn?
Answer The skin is red, but dry and painful. The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation. The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain. The skin is red and moist with blister formation. |
The skin is red and moist with blister formation.
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According to the Rule of Nines for infants and young children, the patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area?
Answer 13.5 percent 14 percent 9 percent 18 percent |
18 percent
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You assess a patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next step?
Answer Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center. Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water. Brush off the powder, bandage the arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center. |
Brush the powder off the patient's arm and hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water.
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Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques?
Answer Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack Direct pressure Elevation of the injured part Running cold water over the wound |
Direct pressure
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Your patient has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned?
Answer 18 percent 9 percent 36 percent 4.5 percent |
18 percent
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Your patient has deep abrasions to his hands, arms, chest, and knees. The patient has small pieces of gravel, twigs, and dirt embedded in the abrasions. Which of the following is the best way to manage this situation after taking cervical spine immobilization?
Answer Use your fingers to pick embedded debris from the wound, bandage with moist saline dressings in place, and transport. Do not attempt to remove any debris, apply pressure dressings over the embedded material if necessary, apply high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Use a tongue depressor to scrape large pieces of debris out of the wounds, place the patient on high-concentration oxygen, and transport. Assess for additional injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile solution, place dressings on the abrasions, bandage them in place, and transport. |
Assess for additional injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile solution, place dressings on the abrasions, bandage them in place, and transport.
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Which of the following is of concern in a patient who received burns to his hand when he grabbed a live electrical wire?
Answer The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface. The burning will continue for hours, perhaps days. The patient remains an electrocution hazard to rescuers for several minutes after being removed from the source of electricity. Toxic gases were inhaled. |
The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface.
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Your patient has a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting?
Answer Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it. Apply a pressure dressing over the hook. Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand. |
Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.
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You have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next?
Answer Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. Apply a tourniquet. Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place. |
Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.
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Your patient has a reddened area with blisters across the palm of his hand. Which of the following must be avoided in the prehospital management of this wound?
Answer Application of a dry, sterile dressing Application of antibiotic ointment Elevation of the wound above the level of the heart Keeping the site clean |
Application of antibiotic ointment
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A burn extending into the subcutaneous layer would be classified as which type of burn?
Answer Deep partial thickness Full thickness Superficial partial thickness Superficial |
Full thickness
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While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck, what should be your highest priority?
Answer None of the choices Airway Hypothermia Bleeding |
Airway
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Which of the following is recommended when caring for an amputated part?
Answer Rinse away debris with saline solution and place the part in a container of ice. Wrap the part in aluminum foil to preserve body temperature. Seal the part in a plastic bag and keep it cool. Always transport the amputated part with the patient. |
Seal the part in a plastic bag and keep it cool.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of avulsion?
Answer The skin is partially torn away from the foot. A finger is cut off with a butcher's saw. An ear is partially torn away from the head. The skin is stripped off the hand, like removing a glove. |
The skin is stripped off the hand, like removing a glove.
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An injury in which the epidermis remains intact, but blood vessels and cells in the dermis are injured, is called a(n):
Answer contusion. abrasion. concussion. avulsion. |
contusion.
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Which type of wound is often caused by instruments such as nails, ice picks, or pencils?
Answer Avulsion Laceration Puncture Incision |
Puncture
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Which of the following layers of the skin is the most important in insulating the body against heat loss?
Answer Parietal layer Subcutaneous layer Epidermis Subdural layer |
Subcutaneous layer
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An injury caused by heavy pressure to the tissues, such as when an extremity is trapped under a fallen tree, is called a(n):
Answer crush injury. evisceration. contusion. abrasion. |
crush injury.
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Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing?
Answer An open wound to the neck An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding An open wound to the chest All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is true concerning lacerations?
Answer They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. They may be caused by penetrating trauma. They may be caused by blunt trauma. All of the above |
All of the above
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While palpating the radial pulses of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash, you notice a difference in the strength of the pulses bilaterally. This is a finding that you suspect may be associated with:
Answer aortic dissection. tension pneumothorax. commotio cordis. flail chest. |
aortic dissection
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The mechanism of injury in which a patient's chest has struck an immovable object, such as a steering wheel, may most accurately be described as a:
Answer blunt trauma injury. compression injury. penetrating injury. coup contrecoup injury. |
compression injury.
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Common signs and symptoms to a hollow abdominal organ include:
Answer increasing intrathoracic pressures. irritation and peritonitis. massive hemorrhage. absence of unilateral pulses. |
irritation and peritonitis.
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Your patient appears to be extremely short of breath and has an open wound to his chest that is making a sucking sound. You should:
Answer place the patient on high-concentration oxygen. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. place a trauma dressing over the wound. place your gloved hand over the wound. |
place your gloved hand over the wound.
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Your patient complains of right-sided chest pain and moderate dyspnea. Exposure of the chest reveals a section of his ribs that is moving opposite of the rest of the ribs. You should:
Answer roll the patient over onto his right side. begin positive pressure ventilation. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. apply a bulky dressing over the section. |
apply a bulky dressing over the section.
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Bleeding from open abdominal injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques?
Answer Packing the wound with rolled gauze Applying an occlusive dressing Applying direct pressure to the wound Applying an ice pack or chemical cold pack |
Applying direct pressure to the wound
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Your patient is pulseless and apneic after being struck in the chest by a baseball 6 minutes ago. He is surrounded by other players and staff but no one is providing care. You should:
Answer elevate the patient's legs. attach the AED and analyze. begin chest compressions. place him on a backboard. |
begin chest compressions.
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What is the underlying cause of bluish or reddish facial discoloration following a traumatic asphyxiation?
Answer High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck. The patient has become hypoxic due to a chest injury and the finding suggests central cyanosis. The physiological strain of the body results in a flushed appearance and increased risk of a hypertensive event. Bluish or reddish facial discoloration is not associated with traumatic asphyxiation; a pale discoloration is usually present. |
High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck.
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What describes the skin's status in the case of a closed chest injury?
Answer Internal contusions and lacerations cannot occur. The skin may be penetrated and occluded. The skin is penetrated. The skin is not penetrated. |
The skin is not penetrated
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A patient with jugular vein distention (JVD) is most likely suffering from which of the following injuries?
Answer Pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax Tension pneumothorax |
Tension pneumothorax
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You are palpating the abdomen of a motor vehicle collision patient when you feel a pulsing mass. You should:
Answer defer further abdominal palpation. ask your partner to verify your findings. bind the abdomen with an elastic bandage. apply cold packs to the abdomen. |
defer further abdominal palpation.
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You are treating a patient with paradoxical motion on the left side of the chest. He is breathing shallow at a rate of 4 breaths per minute. You should:
Answer begin positive pressure ventilation. apply a bulky dressing to the chest. administer 15 lpm oxygen via mask. roll the patient onto his left side |
begin positive pressure ventilation.
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Which of the following BEST describes an evisceration?
Answer An open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude A flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue An accumulation of blood beneath the skin, resulting in swelling The epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface |
An open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude
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Which of the following is an accurate definition of a flail chest?
Answer A lung that has been punctured by a fractured rib, resulting in a buildup of air A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems The fracture of one rib in two or more consecutive places The fracture of at least four ribs in two or more places |
A section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems
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You find an abdominal evisceration with several loops of his large intestine exposed. Which of the following is the BEST approach toward managing the exposed intestines?
Answer Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents. Gently replace the intestines after moistening with sterile saline solution. Leave the abdominal contents in the place in which they were found and transport immediately. Cover the abdomen with an occlusive dressing of aluminum foil. |
Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents.
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Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure?
Answer Tension pneumothorax Flail chest Abdominal evisceration Hemopneumothorax |
Tension pneumothorax
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Which of the following is NOT an open tissue injury?
Answer Contusion Evisceration Avulsion Abrasion |
Contusion
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Which of the following traumatic chest injuries may result in massive internal hemorrhage?
Answer Hemopneumothorax Hemothorax Aortic dissection Cardiac tamponade |
Aortic dissection
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Which vascular organ in the abdomen can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in life-threatening hemorrhage?
Answer Intestines Liver Pancreas Kidneys |
Liver
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Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of a three-sided occlusive dressing over a four-sided occlusive dressing for an open chest wound?
Answer It eliminates the need to continue monitoring the patient's respiratory status. It prevents the development of a hemothorax by allowing blood to escape. It allows easy access for re-examination of the wound en route to the hospital. It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax. |
It reduces the chances of developing a tension pneumothorax.
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Your patient examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient?
Answer The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained Getting a description of the assailants The possibility of a pneumothorax Reducing the swelling around his eyes by applying a cold pack |
The possibility of a pneumothorax
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For which of the following wounds should the EMT apply an absorbent dressing moistened with sterile saline and then cover it with an occlusive dressing?
Answer A wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding A stab wound to the chest A laceration to the neck The stump of an amputated extremity |
A wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding
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In addition to lacerations, blunt trauma creates the potential for which of the following internal injuries?
Answer Abrasion Contusion Evisceration Avulsion |
Contusion
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The chest cavity can hold up to ________ liter(s) of blood in an adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss.
Answer 3 5 0.5 1 |
3
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Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing?
Answer An open wound to the chest An open wound to the neck An open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding All of the above |
All of the above
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Regarding the use of emergency sirens, which of the following is FALSE?
Answer The sound of the siren may increase the patient's anxiety. Ambulance operators are not affected by siren noise. EMTs should assume that other drivers cannot hear the siren. Dense shrubbery may block the sound of the siren. |
Ambulance operators are not affected by siren noise.
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Chemical cold packs are carried on the ambulance for treatment of which of the following?
Answer Musculoskeletal injuries Abdominal pain Seizures Snake bites |
Musculoskeletal injuries
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Which of the following is true concerning disinfection?
Answer A solution of 1 part household bleach to 100 parts water is an effective disinfectant for health care purposes. High level disinfection destroys all sources of infection. A low-level disinfectant will kill germs on ambulance floors and walls. All of the above |
A low-level disinfectant will kill germs on ambulance floors and walls.
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At which point should you complete your patient care report?
Answer At the end of your shift As soon as you are free from patient duties As soon as you arrive at the hospital En route to the hospital |
As soon as you are free from patient duties
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he U.S. Department of Transportation has issued specifications for all of the following types of ambulances EXCEPT:
Answer Type II. Type I. Type III. Type IV. |
Type IV.
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Operators of emergency vehicles must drive with the safety of others in mind. This is known as driving:
Answer with emergency privilege. defensively. with due regard. as a public servant. |
with due regard
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Which of the following is a purpose for carrying sterilized aluminum foil on an ambulance?
Answer To control major arterial bleeding To keep a newborn warm To care for amputated parts None of the above |
To keep a newborn warm
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Safety studies have shown that drivers of other vehicles do not usually see or hear ambulances or other emergency vehicles until they are within ________ feet of it.
Answer 200 to 250 50 to 100 100 to 150 150 to 200 |
50 to 100
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The process of combining the patient and patient-carrying device into a unit ready for moving and transporting the patient is called:
Answer immobilizing. loading. wrapping. packaging. |
packaging.
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A patient-carrying device should have at least ________ straps to hold the patient securely.
Answer 2 3 1 5 |
3
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Which of the following is NOT essential equipment on an ambulance?
Answer Portable oxygen tanks Portable suction unit Pediatric oxygen administration devices An automatic transport ventilator |
An automatic transport ventilator
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You are at the scene of a vehicle collision and have found that there is one patient who is in stable condition. At this point, the call can be categorized as:
Answer an unfounded call. no longer a true emergency. triaged. a non-incident. |
no longer a true emergency.
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Emergency Medical Dispatcher?
Answer Coordinating with other public safety agencies Providing emergency instructions to the caller Prioritizing calls that come in Providing medical direction to the responding units |
Providing medical direction to the responding units
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Occlusive dressings must be carried on an ambulance to treat which of the following injuries?
Answer Amputations Tension pneumothorax Impaled object in the eye Open pneumothorax |
Open pneumothorax
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Which of the following should be checked with the vehicle engine turned off?
Answer Warning lights Windshield wiper operation Battery Dash-mounted gauges |
Battery
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Most state statutes allow an emergency vehicle operator to do which of the following on emergency calls?
Answer Drive around lowered cross-arms at a railroad crossing Be exempt from liability in the event of a collision Pass a stopped school bus with its red flashers on Exceed posted speed limits if life and property are not endangered |
Exceed posted speed limits if life and property are not endangered
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Which of the following is optional equipment?
Answer Infant oxygen masks Lubricating jelly Flashlights Disinfectant solution |
Infant oxygen masks
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Full immobilization of a trauma patient, including placing a cervical collar and securing the patient to a backboard, should take place at which of the following points in time?
Answer Before moving the patient to the ambulance After checking for cervical range of motion Before the primary assessment En route to the hospital |
Before moving the patient to the ambulance
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The medical acronym EMD stands for which of the following?
Answer Emergency Medical Dispatch Emergency Medical Driver Emergency Medical Director Emergency Medical Doctor |
Emergency Medical Dispatch
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Tests have shown that ________ ambulance operators tend to speed up by 10 to 15 miles per hour when the siren is sounding.
Answer privately employed younger inexperienced None of the above |
inexperienced
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Which of the following contributes most significantly to the occurrence of ambulance crashes?
Answer Weather conditions Size of the vehicle Speed of the vehicle Time of day |
Speed of the vehicle
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When heading back to quarters, on what should you place your emphasis?
Answer Documentation Refueling the ambulance for the next call A safe return Beginning to reorganize the ambulance |
A safe return
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Which of the following transport positions is indicated for the patient in shock?
Answer Sitting Recumbent Legs raised 8 to 12 inches. Left lateral recumbent |
Legs raised 8 to 12 inches.
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Which of the following is the primary reason why ambulances should have two oxygen supply systems?
Answer To provide oxygen to two patients at one time To provide oxygen to the patient in the event of vehicle breakdown To ensure a supply of oxygen for long-distance transports To have a backup system in the event of failure of the primary system |
To provide oxygen to two patients at one time
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Regarding ambulance warning devices, which of the following statements is NOT true?
Answer In most states it is illegal to drive at night with only one headlight. The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately. Four-way flashers should not be used as emergency lights. The use of strobes is controversial. |
The large lights on the outermost corners of the ambulance box should blink alternately.
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Which of the following human factors can lead to an increased risk of injury for an EMT at the scene of a vehicle collision?
Answer Physical problems that impede strenuous effort Careless attitude toward personal safety Lack of proficiency in the use of rescue tools All of the above |
All of the above
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You have arrived at the scene of a vehicle collision in which there are utility wires down around the vehicle. The three occupants appear dazed and other responding units have not yet arrived. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
Answer Stay at a distance and caution the occupants to stay inside the vehicle. Cool the wires with large amounts of water to prevent a fire from starting. Push the wires out of the way with a long pry-bar in order to access the patients. Encourage the occupants to exit the vehicle by jumping free of the vehicle before touching the ground. |
Stay at a distance and caution the occupants to stay inside the vehicle.
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Which of the following is an unsafe behavior that contributes to most injuries at the scene of vehicle collisions?
Answer Antagonizing bystanders Not wearing proper protective gear Unknowingly walking into hazardous materials situations Using improvised tools |
Not wearing proper protective gear
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When placing cribbing:
Answer kneel on both knees for stabilization. kneel or squat as necessary. kneel on one knee only so you can move away quickly. always squat, so you can move away quickly. |
always squat, so you can move away quickly.
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Which of the following provides the BEST protection for the EMT's hands during a vehicle rescue operation?
Answer Leather gloves Double-thickness latex gloves Elbow-length chemical-proof gloves Fabric work gloves with non-slip palms |
Leather gloves
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Which of the following phases of extrication comes before the other three?
Answer Preparing for the rescue Sizing up the situation Recognizing and managing hazards Gaining access to the patient |
Preparing for the rescue
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If the steering wheel must be displaced during extrication and the air bag has not deployed, which of the following actions is recommended by air bag manufacturers?
Answer Disconnect the battery cables. Firmly strike the hub of the steering wheel with a mallet to deactivate the air bag before displacing the steering wheel. No action is required; only frontal impact will deploy air bags. Secure a long backboard across the steering wheel to deflect the air bag from the patient should it deploy. |
Disconnect the battery cables.
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Which of the following BEST describes why it is important for the EMT to understand the extrication process?
Answer To anticipate any dangerous steps in the extrication process To provide direction to the rescue technicians if they appear to be making errors To take over the extrication process if requested by the rescue technicians All of the above |
To anticipate any dangerous steps in the extrication process
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You are at the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a single vehicle has collided with a tree. You note that the driver's side air bag has deployed. Which of the following is recommended by air bag manufacturers?
Answer Lift the air bag and inspect the steering wheel for damage. Cut away the fabric portion of the air bag to get it out of the way. Sharply strike the front bumper to make sure the second air bag has deployed. Use a portable fan to ventilate the car to remove the powder from the air bag. |
Lift the air bag and inspect the steering wheel for damage.
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Which of the following is a reason that the vehicle doors are removed to extricate the patient rather than pulling the patient through an open window?
Answer To avoid criticism from bystanders To avoid being cut by glass To allow for proper spinal immobilization All of the above |
To allow for proper spinal immobilization
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Which of the following should the EMT consider when protecting a patient during extrication?
Answer Noise Weather Debris All of the above |
All of the above
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Once access to the patient is gained, which of the following is the next goal during an auto extrication?
Answer Stabilization of the vehicle Extrication of the patient from the vehicle Primary assessment and rapid trauma exam Disentanglement of the patient |
Primary assessment and rapid trauma exam
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Under which of the following conditions are safety vests with reflective trim effective in increasing the visibility of the EMT?
Answer On sunny days On cloudy days At night All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is the BEST protection for an EMT's upper body during an extrication operation?
Answer A thick wool coat Firefighting turnout coat Nylon jacket with asbestos lining A thick fireproof blanket draped around the shoulders |
Firefighting turnout coat
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You have arrived at the scene of a motor vehicle collision to find that there are several critically injured patients. Which of the following should you do first?
Answer Begin to care for the patient closest to your vehicle. Begin triage of all patients before deciding on additional resources. Begin extrication of the most critically injured patient. Call for additional rescue units and transporting ambulances. |
Call for additional rescue units and transporting ambulances.
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Which of the following can serve as appropriate eye protection for an EMT on the scene of an extrication?
Answer Prescription eyeglasses Face conforming goggles A plastic face shield of the type used for Standard Precautions All of the above |
Face conforming goggles
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a specialty rescue team?
Answer Advanced cardiac life support Water rescue Confined space High angle rescue |
Advanced cardiac life support
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Which of the following is the highest priority during extrication?
Answer Controlling major bleeding Ensuring your personal safety Maintaining the patient's airway Gaining access to the patient |
Ensuring your personal safety
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Which of the following is NOT a phase of the extrication process?
Answer Gaining access to the patient Simplification Disentanglement Terminating the rescue |
Simplification
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Which of the following phases of extrication follows the other three?
Answer Immobilizing and extricating the patient Gaining access to the patient Recognizing and managing hazards Stabilizing the vehicle |
Immobilizing and extricating the patient
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Which of the following is a common hazard associated with the inner circle of a typical auto extrication?
Answer Penetrating injury from extrication tools Flying glass and metal fragments Carbon monoxide poisoning Both A and C |
Flying glass and metal fragments
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Which of the following is an important reason for controlling spectators at the scene of an extrication incident?
Answer Spectators may get injured. It ensures respect for the patient's privacy. Spectators may interfere with rescue efforts. All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is the EMT's key role at the scene of an auto extrication?
Answer Safety officer Patient advocate Rescue technician Incident commander |
Patient advocate
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An unresponsive patient is found sitting in the front seat of a vehicle with his legs pinned under the dash. Once his legs have been freed, which of the following methods should be used for removal of the patient?
Answer Rapid take-down Rapid extrication technique Kendrick extrication device Scoop stretcher |
Rapid extrication technique
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Which of the following is the first concern when you are caring for a patient who has been in a vehicle collision?
Answer Your own safety Treating life-threatening injuries Preserving evidence, such as alcohol beverage bottles and vehicle positioning Helping law enforcement get the driver's name and insurance information |
Your own safety
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