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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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taxonomy
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naming and classifying species
Linnaeus hierarchical system |
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auctor
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Person who originally described the plant, using a herbarium sample - the type specimen
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ssp.
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subspecies - the type specimen becomes the first subspecies
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systematics
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science of classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships
classifications that best reflect patterns of common descent |
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Phylogenies
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description of lineages over time
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sister taxa
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most closely related
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monophyletic group
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one branch (clade)
all the descendents of one ancestor systematics tries to create these |
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paraphyletic group
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some but not all of the descendents of one ancestor
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polyphyletic group
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descendents of several different ancestors
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apomorphy
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derived trait
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plesiomorphy
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ancestral trait
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autapomorphy
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unshared derived trait
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synapomorphy
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shared derived trait
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homoplasy
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shared trait that is a product of convergence, not common descent
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homologous
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same trait due to common ancestry
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analogous
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same trait, different ancestors; due to environmental pressures
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sp.
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one unknown and/or unspecified member of a genus (e.g., Trillium sp.)
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spp.
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multiple unknown and/or unspecified members of a genus (e.g., Trillium spp.)
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ssp.
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subspecies (e.g., Trillium ovatum Pursch ssp. oettingeri Munz & Thorne)
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most parsimonious trees
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trees that need the fewest evolutionary steps to get to the species being evalutated
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bootstrap support
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a measure of confidence in tree architecture - eg 100 means 100% of the MPTs have this clade present
58 means 58% of MPTs show this clade |
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sensu stricto
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(strict definition) old definition predates genetic evaluation
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sensu lato
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broader definition - updated with genes
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green algae in the phylum Streptophyta
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common ancestor of all plants
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bryophytes
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liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
non-vascular •mobile gamete? swimming sperm •dominant generation? gametophyte •growth form: small, low-growing •habitat: wet areas |
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Pteridophytes
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ferns and fern allies
vascular tissue •mobile gamete? swimming sperm •dominant generation? sporophyte •growth form: can be large •habitat: wet areas |
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Gymnosperms
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cone-bearing plants
vascular tissue, seeds •mobile gamete? pollen •dominant generation? sporophyte •growth form: can be large •habitat: anywhere |
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Angiosperms
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flowering plants
Vascular tissue, seeds, flowers, fruit •mobile gamete? pollen •dominant generation? sporophyte •growth form: can be large •habitat: anywhere |
