Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gene: engrailed-1
|
This gene is important for the development of the cerebellum
|
|
|
4 essential processes of development
|
cell proliferation
cell specialization cell interaction cell movement |
|
|
cell proliferation
|
it occurs in multicellular organism
|
|
|
How the rate of cell division is very fast in the cleavage stage?
|
Because the G1 and G2 is eliminated in the cell cycle during cleavage
Key component that regulate it is CAMP and cdc2. This complex is called MPF. |
|
|
Complex MPF
|
MPF =mitosis promoting factor
|
|
|
Cell-cell interactions
|
--lateral inhibition
--Induction |
|
|
Cell specialization
two ways |
cell fate: determined and indetermined
division: symmetrical and asymmetrical |
|
|
Ex of lateral inhibition
|
there are four follicles. only one will develop. this follicle will send something to the others follicles in order to inhibit them
|
|
|
Cell-cell communication
types of induction |
sequnetial and vesicular?
|
|
|
Sequential induction example
|
shh (inducer)
shh is a signaling molecule. Shh is produced in your limbs. It dictates what it becomes posterior and anterior limbs. |
|
|
Ex of sequential induction
|
It is the formation of the eye.
Optic vesicle sends a signal to the underlying epidermis. the epidermis will develop a protrusion called lens vesicle. Lens vesicle will develop into a cornea. |
|
|
Ex of vesicular? induction
|
The optic vesicle sends a signal to the lens placode. then the lens placod sends a signal back. the lens placode will develop into an optic cap. the optic cap will develop into the retina.
|
|
|
Father of embryology
|
Aristotle
|
|
|
Experiment of Aristotle
|
A frog egg. He divide the two cells of the embryo and kill one of them. The alive cell grow up. The cell developed into a half of the embryo. the fait of the cell was determined.
|
|
|
Roux experiment
|
Sea urchin embryo.
Two embryonic cells. One was killed and separated from the other alive cell. the alive cell started to grow up and it became a complete sea urchin. the fait of the cell was undetermined. |
|
|
Morphogen gradients
Experiment in planaria |
a planaria was cut in half. planaria regenerated. the tail generated a small head. the head regenerated a small tail.
Thomas Hunt did this experiment. |
|
|
Two different ways to establish gradients:
|
A) Differences in concentrations of morphogen
B) Gradient is uniform, then an inhibitor was produced... |
|
|
Two types of cells
|
--Somatic cells
--Germ cells |
|
|
Germ cells are
|
spermatozoid and ovum
|
|
|
Father of embryology
|
Aristotle
|
|
|
They enable to indicate the shape of the embryo
|
Morphogen gradients
|
