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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main idea of the cell theory?
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all cells arise from preexisting cells
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What is the difference between a bacteria and a virus?
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Bacteria:
-complete living organism -often cause disease -str8foward to kill Virus: -need a host to replicate -carry genetic material inside of protein coat -HIV |
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What are some examples of micrometers?
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plant and animal cells = 20-30 micrometers
bacterium = 1-2 micrometers |
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What are examples of nanometer size?
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Ribosomes = 25 nm
DNA helix width = 2 nm membrane = 7-8 nm |
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What is the unit of measurement in Biology?
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Angstrom = 10^-10
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Who are the 4 nobel prize winners and for what?
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Mendel for Genetics
Kary Mulis for PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) Prusiner for Prions Hunt, Hartwell, Nurse for Cell cycle |
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What can be seen by unaided eye, light microscope, and electron microscope?
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unaided eye:
-up to a fog egg light microscope: -eukaroytic cell up to mitochondrion electron microscope: -eukaryotic cell up to atoms |
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What are characteristic wavelengths?
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ROYGBIV
Red = longest Violet = shortest |
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What is limit of resolution?
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refers to how apart adjacent objects must be in order to be distinguished as separate entities.
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What is Brightfield Microscopy?
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white light passes directly through a specimen that is either stained or unstained
phase contrast and differential interference are similar |
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What is Fluorescence Microscopy?
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mirror deflects excitation light down to specimen.
the fluorescent light then passes the mirror to select light of wavelength emitted by dye limitations include can only analyze in single plane |
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What is confocal microscopy?
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light focused on specimen
only in-focus light emitted from chosen depth of specimen is detected |
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What is a Scanning Electron microscope?
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forms image by detecting electrons deflected from outer surface of specimen
creates sense of depth |
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What is a freeze fracture?
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splits the lipid bilayer, leaving proteins embedded in membrane
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What are some important biochemical techniques?
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Centrifugation:
-separating particles based on size, shape, or density ex. RBC, WBC chromatography: -molecules progressively fractioned as solution flows over stationary phase ex. solid/liquid phase electrophoresis: -separate molecules using electric field based on mobility (size and charge) ex. DNA |
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What is recombinant DNA technology?
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was made possible by discovery of restriction enzymes
These enzymes have the ability to cleave DNA molecules at specific restriction sites |
