Criminal Justice

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Fifth Amendment

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Right to an attorney

Front 2

the authority to make decisions by using one's own judgement and conscience which provides the basis for individualization and informality in the administration of justice.

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Discretion

Front 3

A primary goal of criminal justice that provides the basis for distinguishing the American system from those of authoritarian countries.

Back 3

doing justice

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An adjudication process presided over by a judge that handles most criminal cases in which there is no successful plea bargain.

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bench trial

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A document charging an individual with a specific crime prepared by a prosecuting attorney and presented to a court at a preliminary hearing.

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information

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A characteristic of the criminal justice system that leads criminal justice officials to be responsive to elected officials and legislative bodies.

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resource dependence

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Consists of separate judicial structures for states and for the national government.

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dual court system

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Intended to permit the release of defendants pending the processing of their cases if they do not pose a threat to the community.

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bail

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The physical taking of a person into custody on the ground that there is probable cause to believe that he or she has committed a crime.

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arrest

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A primary goal of criminal justice that involves apprehending, prosecuting, and punishing those who violate the law.

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controlling crime

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Stage in which formal charges are read and defendant enters a plea.

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arraignment

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Stage in which defendants are photographed and fingerprinted.

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booking

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Developed the crime control and due process models as the means to provide new insights into the nature of the criminal justice system.

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Herbert Packer

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Depicts cases within justice system as having specific characteristics that lead to various categories of cases to be processed in different ways.

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"wedding cake"

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Mutual transfer of resources or information that underlies the motivation and decisions of actors within the criminal justice system.

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exchange

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A document returned by a grand jury as a "true bill" charging an individual with a crime.

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indictment

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Depicts the criminal justice system as one that emphasizes efficient repression of crime through the exercise of discretion in administrative processing of cases.

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crime control model