Criminal Justice Chapter 12

Front 1

Gideon v. Wainwright involved what?

Back 1

The right to cousel

Front 2

Argersinger v. Hamilton ruled that ...

Back 2

In situations in which a person can be deprived of liberty, the right to counsel exists, even when imprisonment for only one day can result.

Front 3

Strickland v. Washington involved what?

Back 3

Involved the right to an effective counsel.

Front 4

Necessarily included offenses

Back 4

Additional charges as part of another (more serious)offense.

Front 5

Nolle prosequi

Back 5

A decision by a prosecutor not to press charges; also known as nol. pros.

Front 6

The socializing process by which an inmate learns the rules and regulations of the institution and the informal rules, values, customs, and culture of the prison defines

Back 6

prisonization

Front 7

Crime control model

Back 7

Repression of criminal conduct is the most important function of the criminal justice system.

Front 8

Due process model

Back 8

Individual liberties are the most important function of the criminal justice system.

Front 9

What is the goal of a diversionary response to the disposition of a criminal case?

Back 9

Diversion is designed to deter the future misconduct by addressing the underlying causes of unlawful behavior.

Front 10

Why are most felony suspects sent to jail to await trial?

Back 10

They are sent to jail because the lack the funds to pay the bail.

Front 11

Case mortality

Back 11

The term used to describe the attrition of cases in which arrests do not result in convictions for various reasons?

Front 12

In New York, efforts to lessen plea bargaining have resulted in ____ convictions.

Back 12

less

Front 13

According to the due process model, the most important priority is...

Back 13

that innocent persons will not be convicted unjustly.

Front 14

The right to the assistance of counsel is in the ___ Amendment.

Back 14

6th

Front 15

The Supreme Court extended the right to counsel to misdemeanants in the case of ______.

Back 15

Argersinger v. Hamilton

Front 16

John Hinkley, the man who shot President Reagan in 1981, claimed that he wanted to act violently as Robert Dinero did in ________ the movie.

Back 16

Taxi Driver

Front 17

What is the term for when alternatives to the formal criminal justice process are implemented after charging, but prior to adjudication and where a noncriminal disposition is sought?

Back 17

Diversion

Front 18

The Speedy Trial Act requires that all federal cases to be brought to trial in ____ days or they will be dismissed.

Back 18

100

Front 19

Three strike laws are an example of what type of sentence?

Back 19

Mandatory

Front 20

In a recent survey of prosecutor's offices, the most frequent reason for case dismissal was ...

Back 20

Search and seizure problems

Front 21

What is the case that extended the right to counsel in federal prosecutions?

Back 21

Johnson v. Zerbst

Front 22

True/False Prosecutors get the same pay as court appointed counsel.

Back 22

False

Front 23

Question 1 text Most felony cases are completed within three months of arrest, although cases involving trials will take as long as:

Back 23

6-7 months.

Front 24

What is the next step in the trial after the jury is selected?

Back 24

Opening statement by both attorneys.

Front 25

Who is the first to present direct evidence at a trial?

Back 25

The prosecution.

Front 26

Self defense is an example of a ___________ defense.

Back 26

justification

Front 27

One reason that deterrence is ineffective is that it relies on certainty and speed of punishment. If penalties are _________ but the chances of being caught are ______, it is doubtful that the potential defendant will be deterred.

Back 27

certain; slight

Front 28

What is the most common method of execution in the United States?

Back 28

Lethal injection.

Front 29

The 1996 Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act places restrictions on:

Back 29

Appeals of offenders sentenced to death.

Front 30

Which is not one of the reasons for the aging of the prison population?

The decline in the use of parole release.
The increased use of Truth in Sentencing laws.
The aging of the general population.
The use of definite and mandatory sentences.

Back 30

The aging of the general population.

Front 31

Which of the following is not a consequence of prison overcrowding?

Inmate services have been eliminated.
It leads to prison unrest.
Creates a danger for inmates.
Creates a danger for correctional officers.

Back 31

Inmate services have been eliminated.

Front 32

The Elmira Reformatory in New York was seen as a new approach to incarceration at the end of the 19th Century. It was ___________ who developed these new ideas.

Back 32

Zebulon Brockway

Front 33

A property offender in the federal prison system would be placed in a __________ security institution.

Back 33

medium

Front 34

Approximately _____ percent of all state inmates have a prior conviction and a record of probation or incarceration.

Back 34

80

Front 35

In the landmark case of __________________ the Supreme Court held that the existence of deplorable conditions in a prison is not enough to challenge the conditions of confinement using the 8th Amendment. It must be demonstrated that the prison officials knew about the conditions and failed to act.

Back 35

Estelle v. Gamble

Front 36

Nearly all observers view inmate work favorably. What is one of the reasons why inmate work is viewed so favorably?

Back 36

Prison work can enable inmates to earn money to pay compensation to victims.

Front 37

Most state department of corrections _________ that drugs are readily available but ________ that drugs are present in the prison.

Back 37

admit; deny

Front 38

What is the most successful method of identifying drug use in prison?

Back 38

Random urine testing.

Front 39

Approximately _____ percent of inmates in state and federal prisons are known to be infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS

Back 39

2

Front 40

What is the Supreme Court case that denied inmates privacy in their prison cell?

Back 40

Hudson v. Palmer