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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chapter 1:
The total number of incarceration |
2,375,000 people
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Chapter 1:
Number of people in Jail |
775,000
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Chapter 1:
Number of people in Prison Federal and State |
Prison: 5,125,000
Federal: 200,000 State: 1,400,000 |
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Chapter 1:
Total number of people Community Corrections |
5,125,000
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Chapter 1:
total number of people on people in Parole and Probation |
Parole:825,000
Probation: 4,300,000 |
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Chapter 1:
Definitions of Corrections? |
The variety of programs, service, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals accused or convicted of criminal offenses.
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Chapter 1:
Definition of Social Control |
actions and practice of individuals and institution design to induce conformity with the norms and rules of society
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Chapter 1:
The Origins of Punishment? Founder of it |
Social Contact= Emile Durkheim
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Chapter 1:
Definition of System Framework |
a complex whole consisting of interconnected parts whose operation are direct towards common goal and influence by the environment.
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Chapter 1:
System Framework Goals? |
1) Community safety and public protection
2) Punishment 3) Rehabilitation and Reintegration |
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Chapter 1:
System Framework Disconnectedness |
a series of process, sentencing, classification, supervision, programming, parole and revocation
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Chapter 1:
System Framework Environment? Think outside forces from the people who work in the CJ |
outside forces such has politics, public opinions, fiscal realities and the law
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Chapter 1:
The corrections system today? How many people employees and the amount of money |
700,000 Employees
$60-$70 Billion |
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Chapter 1:
Definitions of Federalism |
a system of government in which the power and responsibilities are divided between a national and state government
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Chapter 1:
Define Prisons |
confinement in a state or federal corrections facility to serve a sentence of more than 1 year.
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Chapter 1:
Define Jail |
confinement in a local jail while pending trial, awaiting sentencing, serve a sentence is usually less than 1 year, or awaiting transfers and other facilities convictions
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Chapter 1:
The Colonial Period of Retribution |
harsh brutal public corporal & capital punishment
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Chapter 1:
The Arrival of the Penitentiary was when? |
1790's-1860's
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Chapter 1:
What was the first jail in the United States? and what thought could help the prisoners |
The Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia 1790.
Isolation (mental & suicides) Hard-work Penitence Reformation |
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Chapter 1:
Why was Western State Penitentiary in Pittsburgh (1825) and Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia (1827) built? |
When the walnut street jail became overcrowded
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Chapter 1:
The name of the jail built in New York (year) and __________ Model used? |
Auburn, 1819
Confinement Model |
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Chapter 1:
The different purpose posed upon in the Auburn Jail? and its Goals |
Strict silence, Discipline, Striped Uniforms, lockstep marching
Goals: industrial efficiency and installation of good work habits |
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Chapter 1:
Sing Sing, was built by which jail and called "____ the River) and year |
Built by the Auburn Guidance
UP the River 1825-1826 |
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Chapter 1:
Difference between Walnut Street vs Auburn |
a. Too expensive
b. “concern that prisoners were going insane (and suicidal) because they could not endure long term solitary confinement 2. New York a. Consistent with the demands of factory production and the emerging industrial age b. Profitable 1. Model for Industrial prisons |
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Chapter 1:
Who invented the Mark System and it _______ sentencing |
Alexander Maconochhie
Indeterminate Sentence |
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Chapter 1:
What did the Mark system do for inmates?? (think check marks and for doing something good) |
a system for offenders to earn marks to determine their released based on the labor, behavior, and educational achievement
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Chapter 1:
What did the National Prison Association back about in Cincinnati 1970 |
Reformation
Indeterminate Sentence Classification |
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Chapter 1:
Elimira Reformation 1876 |
Probation (John Augustus)
Indeterminate Sentencing Parole |
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Chapter 1:
Define Medical Model |
it looked at biological, psychological, economic, and social causes
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Chapter 1:
Define Reformation |
an institution for young offenders that emphasized in mark system, classifications, indeterminate sentence, parole
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Chapter 1:
community Corrections |
a model of corrections based on assumption that reintegrating offender into the community should be the goal of CJ
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Chapter 1:
crime control of corrections |
a models on assumptions that criminal behavioral can be controlled be increased use of incarceration and strict supervision
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Chapter 1:
Evidence based corrections |
a movement to ensure that corrections programs and policies are based on research evidence "What works"
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Chapter 2:
Define Enlightenment (Age of Reason) |
during the 1700's when liberalism, rationally, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking
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Chapter 2:
The father of Classical School |
Cesare Beccari
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Chapter 2:
Define the six principles of Classical schools |
All social action must be utilitarian
crime just injury society and only rational measure of crime extent of injury prevent crimes more important then punishment of crime accused have right to speedy trial purpose of punishment is deterrence not revenge criminal should be group by age, sex, and type of criminality |
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Chapter 2:
Jeremy Bentham and the Hedomic Calculus coined this term |
Utilitarianism
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Chapter 2:
Define Utilitarianism (making sure outweighs the pain) |
a doctrine aimed to to the believer that the belief that the offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted
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Chapter 2:
Define Retribution (think Eye for an Eye) |
a person who broke the law and deserves to be punished
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Chapter 2:
Define General Deterrence |
Citizen will not commit the crime because they have observed the punishments
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Chapter 2:
Define Specific deterrence (criminal + punishment=____) |
Punishment towards criminals so they wont commit crime
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Chapter 2:
Define Incapacitation (holding the criminal in jail) |
depriving the offender to commit future crimes detaining the offender in jail
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Chapter 2:
Define Rehabilitation |
the goal of restoring the convicted offender to a constructed place in society through vocational training, education and therapy
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Chapter 2:
Define restorative justice |
punishment design to repair damage done to the victim and community by the offenders act
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Chapter 2:
Define Indeterminate Sentence (unknown time in jail) |
a period of incarceration with no minimum or maximum , eligibility depends of time necessary
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Chapter 2:
Determinate Sentence (known time in jail) |
a amount if time incarcerated by the court; associated to retribution
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Chapter 2:
Define presumptive sentence (unknown and privilege) |
a set of minimum or maximum month or (years) Judge fix the sentence with that range allowing for special circumstances
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Chapter 2:
Define Mandatory Sentence |
some minimum period of incarceration must be served by people convicted of crime.
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Chapter 2:
Intermediate Sanctions (think probation but not the same and less expensive than jail) |
punishments that are restrictive than traditional probation and cost less than jail.
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Chapter 2:
Define Probation |
a sentence allowing offenders to serve the sanction imposed by court to live under community supervision.
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Chapter 2:
Define Shock probation (think cultural shock but with jail time) |
a sentence in which an offender is released after a short incarceration and given probation
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Chapter 2:
Define Blameworthiness |
how much blame the offender deserves for his crime
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Chapter 2:
Presentence Report (done by a probation officer) |
report presenteced to the judge by a probation officer of the offenders background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence
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Chapter 2:
Define Sentencing Guidelines |
an instrument developed for judges to give offender a reasonable sentence
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Chapter 2:
Define Sentence Disparity |
when no justification is given for imposing very different penalties on offenders with similar criminal histories who committed the same crime
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Chapter 2:
Wrongful Conviction |
when an innocent person is found guilty by either verdict or plea
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Chapter 3:
Where did the jail originate from? |
England
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Chapter 3:
Define Lockup? another name for it and who runs it (think before trial) |
a facility to hold people before court usually 48 hours. Also know as drunk tanks and run by police agency
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Chapter 3:
Define Fee System |
Fee System is asystem by the jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each prisoner
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Chapter 3:
Define regional jail |
facility operated under two joint agreements between two or more government unit with a jail board looking over authority in policy, budget, operations, and personnel
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Chapter 3:
Define Bail |
amount of money set by the judge so the offender can be out of jail.
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Chapter 3:
Define bail bondsmen |
a independent business who provides bail and get 5-10% of the total amount/
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Chapter 3:
Release on Recognize |
pretrial release because the judge believe his community ties are sufficient and will appear at court
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Chapter 3:
Define day reporting center (babysitting but for offenders) |
a facility where pretrial releases and probation attend daylong interventions and treatment sessions
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Chapter 3:
Define Electric Monitoring |
community supervision technique with home confinement that uses electronic device to maintain surveillance
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Chapter 3:
Define absconder (people who dont show up) |
people who fail to show up at court date and have no real reason
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Chapter 4:
How many inmates were going to be reduced by realignment |
40,0000 Prisoners
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Chapter 4:
The cost to imprison people cost how much |
70 billion
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Chapter 4:
The four factors cited to support community corrections |
o Offenders and criminal records are not serious enough to warrant incarceration
o Community supervision is cheaper o Rates of recidivism or returning to crime, for those under community supervision are no higher than for those who go to prison. o Ex-inmates require both support and supervision as they try to remake their lives in the community. Pg. (89) |
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Chapter 4:
Define Probation |
When prisoner spent the rest of the incarceration in community supervision
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Chapter 4:
Who was John Augustus |
First person to provide bail for defendants, authority from the Boston Police Court,
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Chapter 4:
Modernization of Probation Who were probation officers? Who did probation officers the most strain |
originated in Boston, probation officers were law enforcement, strain between probation officer and social workers
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Chapter 4:
in the 1940 what model did they emphasis. (think medicine) |
the medical model,
main goal rehabilitation lasted until 1960's |
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Chapter 4:
what are four different ways to get probation |
judge impose sentence as probation
judge sends offender to jail and with good behavior probation and jail time offenders already on probation can get an additional sentence |
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Chapter 4:
who gets probation (Felony and Serious Crimes) |
50% of convicted Felony
1/5 (20%) of serious crimes |
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Chapter 4:
Define Intermediate Sanctions |
allow closer tailoring of the punishment for offenders
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Chapter 4:
Define wider nets |
people in society whose behavior is regulated or controlled by the state
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Chapter 4:
Define Stringer Nets |
intensifying the states intervention power.
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Chapter 4:
Sanctions administered primarily by judiciary are |
programs to design to lower trial caseload, especially focusing on less serious offenders
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Chapter 4:
Pretrial Detention |
focuses with petty drug offenders, the program diversion
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Chapter 4:
Define Home confinement and exceptions |
a offender spends the rest of his incarceration in their home.
Some exception for some free time or for a job |
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Chapter 4:
Passive Monitors vs Active Devices |
Passive (phone calls to house and put monitor on the receiver)
Active, 24 hrs GPS watch |
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Chapter 5:
Rhinanna real name |
Robyn Fenty
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Chapter 5:
Define Presentence investigation (PSI) |
the do background investigation on the offender and give to the judge to help them make a decision of punishment
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Chapter 5:
Define Victim Impact statement |
description from the offender must pay back financial cost and emotional
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Chapter 5:
client-specific planning |
process which a private investigation firm contacts offender to conduct a background
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Chapter 5:
Why are Private PSI a controversy? |
because the offender pays him and can keep information from the judge and make the offender look good
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Chapter 5:
What are the two functions of probation |
Supervision and Investigation
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Chapter 5:
Do defedants have the right to see the PSI |
No
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Chapter 5:
Two conflicts/responsibilities probation officer face |
enforcing the law and helping the offender
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Chapter 5:
Define power |
having the power to make a person do something he/she doesn't want to do
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Chapter 5:
Define Authority |
influencing a persons action without using force
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Chapter 5:
What is motivational interviewing (trying to do some change to the offender) |
a way to increase the client stake in that change of process
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Chapter 5:
What are the three kinds of supervision and meaning |
Standard applies to every case
punitive reflects the seriousness treatment are of probation needs |
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Chapter 5:
What are the 5 stages of Case Management System |
1. Statistical risk assessment
2. Systematic need assessment 3. Contact supervision standards 4. Case Planning 5. Workload account |
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Chapter 5:
Define Statistical Assessment (think fight or flight for offenders) |
fully accurate predictions are impossible, there is pressure the client is a risk
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Chapter 5:
Define systematic need assessment (beigng unfair) |
assessment of clients from probation officer has bias and lack of information
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Chapter 5:
Contact supervision standards ( helping kind vs mean person) |
spend more time with with cooperative offenders then aggressive ones
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Chapter 5:
Define Case Planning (making a plan ) |
Different plans to help the probation offender out
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Chapter 5:
Define Workload accounting |
different varieties of supervision needs, simply case can misrepresent overall workload of agency
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Chapter 5:
Define evidence base practice |
using correction methods that have been effective by well design research studies
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Chapter 5:
Urinalysis (testing for illicit ____) |
to determine is somebody is on drugs
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Chapter 5:
Define Anatbuse (stop drinking) |
a drug combine with alcohol will make you feel nausea
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Chapter 5:
Define mathadone (meth craving) |
reduces addiction of meth
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Chapter 5:
define how a trial happens |
Pretrial, Trial (hearing), Sentencing
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