Communications Midterm Ch 1-5

Front 1

Noise

Back 1

anything that could potentially affect the communication (Lag, watching show in a foreign language)

Front 2

Active Media

Back 2

Allow for the exchange of information between users who share in creating the media content and messages.

Front 3

Passive media

Back 3

allow for little or no direct input into the content from the user.

Front 4

The Role of Mass Media

Back 4

Setting the Public Agenda
-puts the discussion topics out there for viewers and readers to discuss at home, amongst colleagues and friends
-puts the discussion topics out there for media pundits to discuss

Inspiring Democracy
-the media can encourage democracy by making the process of government transparent to citizens
-Cases like Egypt,Tunisia, Syria and so forth
-Transforming closed societies into open ones.

Front 5

The Fourth Estate

Back 5

There are 3 branches of gov. The 4th estate hovers above the 3 (media) and keeps accountability and transparency.

Front 6

Group Ownership

Back 6

one company owns the same type of medium in more than one market
•example: the Gannet Corporation owns 85 daily newspapers including USA today.

Front 7

Conglomerates

Back 7

large companies that own many different types of businesses.

Front 8

Vertical Integration

Back 8

• company owns different parts of the same industry
• controls both production and distribution
• example: NBC and Universal Studios

Front 9

Horizontal Integration

Back 9

company owns many different types of businesses outside of the communications industry

example: NBC and General Electric

Front 10

Combined Integration

Back 10

Both Horizontal and Vert. Disney

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MEDIA CONTROVERSIES: Impact Issues

Back 11

How the media affect society and individuals within society.

Front 12

MEDIA CONTROVERSIES: Legal Issues

Back 12

Media practices governed by law, in areas of libel, invasion of privacy and antitrust actions

Front 13

MEDIA CONTROVERSIES: Ethical Issues

Back 13

Whether certain practices are right or wrong from a moral POV.

Front 14

The People's Choice Study

Back 14

Done during FDR/Wendell Willkie election, tried to find if being exposed to politics prior to an election would change the vote. Study found that people listened to things people are already in agreeance with, it was simply reinforcement.

Front 15

Applied Research

Back 15

has a practical angle, it is research done with a practical objective, ex finding what age group this lipstick applies to.

Front 16

Academic Research

Back 16

is looking at human nature and why we do what we do in media.

Front 17

Desensitization

Back 17

Process by which viewers of media violence develop emotional neutrality in the face of a real life act of violence

Front 18

Powerful-effects model

Back 18

Predicts media will have swift and potent influence

Front 19

Minimal-Effects Model

Back 19

predicts media will have little influence on behavior

Front 20

Mixed-Effects Model

Back 20

predicts media will have a combination of influences

Front 21

The American Soldiers Study

Back 21

Film has a great effect on the acquisition and retention of factual knowledge, used as an effective educational tool. It has no impact on beliefs or attitude but helped greatly with retention.

Front 22

A Shift In Literacy

Back 22

Oral Culture -> Printing -> Literate culture

Front 23

Johannes Gutenburg

Back 23

Invented the printing press in 1438.

Front 24

Chapbook

Back 24

Early, inexpensive form of paperback containing stories to read for pleasure.

Front 25

Dime Novel

Back 25

inexpensive, fiction, popular in the 1860s and sold for 10 cents.

Front 26

Pulp Novel

Back 26

paperback books printed on cheap paper made from wood pulp (another name for dime novels)

Front 27

Pros of E Books

Back 27

Multiple books in one device/convenience
Internet access/interactive
Quick, download books on it whenever
Price typically better
Environmentally-friendly

Front 28

Cons of E Books

Back 28

Could potentially lose all of your books
Reliant on electrical power/what happens when the device dies?
Technical difficulties

Front 29

Pros of Paper Books

Back 29

It’s more comfortable to read a physical book.
Disreliance with electrical power, don’t need to wait for a charge.
Probably as durable if not more than an e-reader

Front 30

Trade books

Back 30

fiction and non fiction books sold to the general public

Front 31

Educational Books

Back 31

include textbooks for elementary, secondary, college and vocational schools

Front 32

Reference Books

Back 32

used for looking up information

Front 33

Professional Books

Back 33

contain information for specialized
occupations

Front 34

Specialty Books

Back 34

any type of book that does not fit within the criteria of the types above

Front 35

Acquisition Editor

Back 35

an editor who obtains books to be published

Front 36

Developmental editor

Back 36

an editor who works with the author during the writing of the book, going over each chapter and suggesting major revisions

Front 37

Copy Editor

Back 37

polishes a manuscript line by line and prepares it for printing

Front 38

Minority publishers

Back 38

small, independent book companies targeting minority audiences.

Front 39

University Press

Back 39

a publisher that is affiliated with an institution of higher learning and publishes academic books

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Small Press

Back 40

publisher with few employees publishing serious books such as poetry and avant-garde fiction

Front 41

Vanity Press

Back 41

a publisher that requires its authors to pay the full cost of producing their own book

Front 42

Online Publisher

Back 42

a type of vanity press using the help of a website

Front 43

Bibliophiles

Back 43

heavy readers and book lovers

Front 44

Casual Readers

Back 44

read only a few books a year

Front 45

Required readers

Back 45

read only what they have to for their jobs or studies

Front 46

Illiterates

Back 46

those who cannot read

Front 47

aliterates

Back 47

Those who can read but don't.

Front 48

Yellow Journalism

Back 48

a style of reporting characterized by unprecedented sensationalism.
•William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer: largely responsible for developing yellow journalism

Front 49

Penny Press

Back 49

inexpensive, advertisement supported newspapers.

Front 50

Mercantile press

Back 50

Newspaper that provided news of business and shopping.

Front 51

Partisan Press

Back 51

newspapers owned or supported by political parties.

Front 52

Evolution of a magazine: Elite stage

Back 52

only the richest and best- educated members of the population make use of a particular medium

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Popular stage

Back 53

a truly mass audience takes advantage of a particular medium

Front 54

Specialized stage

Back 54

a particular medium breaks up into segments for audience members with diverse and specialized interests

Front 55

Godey's Lady Book

Back 55

1830: Godey’s Lady Book is published helped the growth of magazines. Magazines didn't really enter the scene until this book.

Front 56

Muckrakers

Back 56

Investigative journalism with the goal of bringing social reform. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Pure food and drug act of 1906

Front 57

Special Interest magazines

Back 57

magazines aimed at specific readers with specialized concerns and tastes.

Front 58

Webzines

Back 58

magazines that appear only on the internet.

Front 59

trade magazine

Back 59

magazines that focus on a particular business and are usually essential reading for people in that business.

Front 60

public relations magazines

Back 60

magazines produced with the objective of making their parent organizations look good.

Front 61

professional journals

Back 61

periodicals that doctors, lawyers, engineers, and other occupational groups rely on for info about their field.

Front 62

academic journals

Back 62

periodicals that publish research in a variety of scholarly field.

Front 63

Kinetoscope

Back 63

Invented by Thomas Edison

Front 64

Star system

Back 64

the method of creating, promoting and exploiting movie stars in Classical Hollywood cinema.