Comm Theory Final

Front 1

Elaboration

Back 1

“the extent to which a person carefully thinks about issue-relevant arguments contained in a persuasive communication.”

Front 2

Reciprocation

Back 2

an attempt to “mesh” with others’ communication style

Front 3

Minding

Back 3

the inner dialogue we use when making decisions

Front 4

Truth Bias

Back 4

the tendency to regard messages as honest and complete

Front 5

“game” (interactional view)

Back 5

sequence of communication behaviors governed by rules

Front 6

Construct

Back 6

a pair of opposing concepts used to classify judgments

Front 7

Cognition

Back 7

any belief, opinion, attitude, or piece of knowledge about anything

Front 8

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 8

phrase used by the theory of symbolic interactionism, giving a person different data that changes their self-concept and changes behavior

Front 9

Cognitive Complexity

Back 9

how sophisticated or finely tuned our constructs are

Front 10

Looking-Glass Self

Back 10

how we imagine we look to other people

Front 11

Ernest Bormann (theory)

Back 11

Symbolic Convergence Theory

Front 12

Interpersonal Deception Theory theorists

Back 12

David Buller & Judee Burgoon

Front 13

Coordinated Management Theory theorist

Back 13

W. Barnett Pearce

Front 14

Constructivism theorist

Back 14

Jesse Delia

Front 15

Symbolic Interactionism

Back 15

George Herbert Meade

Front 16

Constructivism theorists

Back 16

Daniel & Barbara O’Keef

Front 17

uses quantitative research

Back 17

objectivist

Front 18

goal to predict and control

Back 18

objectivist

Front 19

values scholarship and that expands the free range of choice

Back 19

interpretive

Front 20

uses qualitative methods of research

Back 20

interpretive

Front 21

judges the worth of a theory by its ability to clarify values

Back 21

interpretive

Front 22

the three aims of deceptive communication

Back 22

· instrumental goal

· relationship maintenance

· saving face

Front 23

Three aspects of cognitive complexity:

Back 23

· differentiation

· abstraction

· integration

Front 24

two routes of persuasion identified by the Elaboration Likelihood theory of communication

Back 24

· central (reasoning, using logic, directly engage)

· peripheral (things that are unrelated, jumps)

Front 25

nature of “self” according to symbolic interactionism

Back 25

social construct — society shapes a person through interaction with other people

Front 26

CCM — coherence

Back 26

“coherence” is our interpretation of situation (our world view

Front 27

CCM — coordination

Back 27

“coordination” is our agreement about how to act

Front 28

What produces variations in judgmental latitudes, according to Social Judgment Theory?

Back 28

Ego Involvement

Front 29

three different message design logics posited by Constructivism

Back 29

· Expressive — say what you feel

· Conventional — taylor to the situation

· Rhetorical — seeks consensus and agreement

Front 30

How ELM measures elaboration

Back 30

thought-listing technique

Front 31

Cognitive Dissonance Theory theorist

Back 31

Leon Festinger

Front 32

Theorists responsible for group decision making

Back 32

· Randy Hirokawa

· Dennis Gouran

Front 33

according to cognitive dissonance theory, this principle explains how people can be persuaded to at in way inconsistent with their beliefs and attitudes

Back 33

“forced” compliance (or “induced” compliance)

Front 34

Leakage

Back 34

the term used by interpersonal deception theory to describe behavior outside of one’s conscious control which can indicate that communication is deceptive

Front 35

according to Family Systems Theory, what is the difference between “one up” and “one down” communication?

Back 35

· One Up — seeks control

· One Down — yields control

Front 36

Posthumous source of “Mind, Self and Society”

Back 36

George Herbert Meade

Front 37

according to Griffin, what is the best way to define a “theory”?

Back 37

theories are maps of reality

Front 38

Communication competence

Back 38

enables us to coordinate our lives and create a safer world in which to live and communicate

Front 39

Interpersonal Deception Theory Theorists

Back 39

David Buller (University of Arizona)

Judee Burgoon (University of Arizona)

Miron Zuckerman (University of Rochester)Steven McCornack (Michigan State University)Malcolm Parks (University of Washington)

Front 40

deception

Back 40

a message knowingly transmitted by a sender to foster a false belief or conclusion by the receiver

Front 41

Three Aims of Interpersonal Deception Theory

Back 41

° instrumental goal — trying to get something out of the deception

° relationship with respondent — don’t wanna lose or sacrifice the relationship

° save face — keep a positive image

Front 42

Three Strategies of Interpersonal Deception Theory

Back 42

° Falsification — create a fiction

° Concealment — covering things up, not telling the whole truth

° Equivocation — vagueness and dodging the issue, no specifics, little as possible

Front 43

Non-Strategic Activity (Leakage—behavior that’s outside of conscious control) — The Four Factors

Back 43

° attempt to control produces too slick of a performancefeel guilt and anxietylying causes physiological arousal (that word is the WORST)

° psycho — mindsoma — bodymind-body phenomena (the mind effects the body)trying to control, feel guilt & anxiety. (Sweat, breathing pattern, etc.)

Front 44

Non-Strategic Activity (Leakage—behavior that’s outside of conscious control) — Common Behaviors

Back 44

° fidgety hand movements

° increased blinking & enlarged pupils

° frequent speech errors

° increased speech hesitation

° higher pitched voice

Front 45

“Truth Bias”:

Back 45

the tendency to regard messages as honest, complete, direct, relevant, and clear. (unpleasant thought to think that people are trying to deceive us.) // (symbol + referent)

Front 46

“Suspicion”:

Back 46

state of doubt or distrust that is held without sufficient evidence or proof

Front 47

McCornack Model of Interpersonal Deception Theory

Back 47

AS RELATIONAL CLOSENESS INCREASES, DETECTION CONFIDENCE INCREASES, TRUTH BIAS GOES UP, DETECTION ACCURACY GOES DOWN

Front 48

Sissela Bok

Back 48

associated with the ethics of lying

Front 49

Constructivism Theorists

Back 49

° Jesse Delia

° Ruth Ann Clark

° Barbara O’Keefe

° Daniel O’Keefe

Front 50

Core Assumption of Constructivism

Back 50

“persons make sense of the world through systems of personal constructs”

Front 51

Role of “Constructs” in Constructivism:

Back 51

their structure reveals the degree of our cognitive complexity and our ability to engage in sophisticated communication

Front 52

“cognitive complexity”

Back 52

how finely tuned our social constructs aresome people’s “radio dials” only have 2 stations

Front 53

Social Judgment Theory Theorist

Back 53

Muzafer Sherif

Front 54

Latitude of Acceptance

Back 54

range of ideas that a person sees as reasonable or worthy of consideration

Front 55

involvement (Social Judgment Theory)

Back 55

perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes

Front 56

Latitude of non-commitment

Back 56

ego involved or non-ego involved

Front 57

ego-involvement

Back 57

the importance or centrality of an issue to a person’s life, often demonstrated by membership in a group with a known stand (how significant is this to someone’s self-identity or self-esteem)

Front 58

contrast (Social Judgment Theory)

Back 58

a perceptual error whereby people judge messages that fall with their latitude of rejection as farther from their anchor than they really are.

Front 59

assimilation (Social Judgment Theory)

Back 59

a perceptual error whereby people judge messages that full within their latitude of acceptance as less discrepant from their anchor than they really are.

Front 60

As Ego-involvement increases, Latitude Rejection _______________________.

Back 60

DECREASES

Front 61

Latitude of Acceptance ______________ when ego-involvement is low

Back 61

INCREASES

Front 62

Distortions (Social Judgment Theory)

Back 62

° assimilation—the receiver receives to hold a position closer to their own, than the actual

° contrast — perceive a message further away than the actual

Front 63

Cognitive Dissonance Theory—Theorists

Back 63

° Leon Festinger

° James Carlsmith

° Elliot Aronson

° Joel Cooper

° Dave D’Alessio

° Mike Allen

Front 64

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 64

distressing mental state that people feel when they “find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they had”

Front 65

Aversive Drive

Back 65

when someone does something or punishes themselves to avoid that something

Front 66

two ways to reduce dissonance

Back 66

° change the proportion

° alter the importance

Front 67

Selective Exposure Hypothesis:

Back 67

avoiding sources that give them dissonance data

Front 68

Induced Compliance (Forced Compliance)

Back 68

amount of incentive increases, lessens pressure of cognitive dissonance

Front 69

Hypocrisy Induction

Back 69

calling out the inconsistency with someone’s actions and thoughts

Front 70

Group Decision Making—Theorists

Back 70

° Randy Hirokawa

° Dennis Gouran

Front 71

4 Functions of effective decision making (Group Decision Making)

Back 71

° Analysis of the problem

° Goal Setting

° Identifications of Alternatives

° Evaluation of positive and negative characteristics

Front 72

Role of Communication (Group Decision Making)

Back 72

° distribute and pool info

° catch and remedy errors

° influence each other

Front 73

Three Types of Communication (Group Decision Making)

Back 73

° Promotive — moves group towards goal

° Disruptive — diverts or hinders

° Counteractive — get group back on track

Front 74

What to do when you know you’re right (Group Decision Making)

Back 74

° BE HUMBLE, YA JACKASS. (abridged version.)

° no one will listen to someone who is obnoxious

----- “don’t bother me with the facts, my mind is made up” won't get anything done

° Don’t push “intuition” or “gut feelings” you can’t back up with evidence

Front 75

Cultural Approach to Organizations—Theorists

Back 75

° Clifford Geertz

° Michael Pacanowsky

Front 76

Culture (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 76

web of significance systems at more meanings

Front 77

Culture Performance (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 77

actions by which members constitute and reveal their culture to themselves and others; an ensemble of texts.

Front 78

Ethnography (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 78

mapping out social social discourse, discovering who people within a culture think they are, what they think they are doing, and to what end they think they are doing it.

Front 79

Metaphor (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 79

clarifies what is unknown or confusing by equating it with an image that’s more familiar or vivid.

Front 80

Corporate Stories (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 80

tales that carry management ideology and reinforce company policy

Front 81

Personal Stories (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 81

tales told by employees that’d put them in a favorable light

Front 82

Collegial Stories (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 82

positive or negative anecdotes about others in the organization; descriptions of how things “really work”

Front 83

Ritual (Cultural Approach to Organizations)

Back 83

"this is the way it’s always been and will be"

Front 84

Cultural Approach's Usefulness

Back 84

the cultural approach adopts and refines the qualitative research methodology of ethnography to gain a new understanding of a specific group of people

Front 85

Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations—Theorist

Back 85

Stanley Deetz

Front 86

Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations—GENERAL IDEA

Back 86

° the workplace affects all of life

° corporate colonization and control of everyday life

° big corporations are most dominant force in society

Front 87

Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations—main constructs

Back 87

° Information or Communication (ILL)

° Managerialism (BLAME)

° Corporations are unreasonable

° Politics (CURE)

° Critical not Negative

Front 88

Cultural Studies—Theorist

Back 88

Stuart Hall

Front 89

Hegemony:

Back 89

Marxism without guarantees (complete dominance of a political belief system)Marxism is a root theory of economics and power.

Front 90

Speech Code Theory—Theorist

Back 90

Gerry Philipsen

Front 91

speech code

Back 91

a historically enacted, socially constructed system of terms, meanings, premises, and rules pertaining to communicative conduct

Front 92

ethnography (Speech Code Theory)

Back 92

the work of a naturalist who watches, listens, and records communicative conduct in its natural settings in order to understand a culture’s complex web of meanings.

Front 93

Nacirema (Speech Code Theory)

Back 93

a broad generalization of the language spoken by most Americans

Front 94

Speech Practices (Speech Code Theory)

Back 94

a style of speaking about self, relationships, and communication itself that emerged for Philipsen as he spent hundreds of hours listening to tapes of dinner-table

Front 95

Meta-Communication (Speech Code Theory)

Back 95

talk about talk (conscious of their communication styles)

Front 96

Speech Code Theory wants to get what accomplished?

Back 96

seeks to answer questions about the existence of speech codes, their substance, the way they can be discovered, and their force upon people within a culture.

Front 97

Postman argues that Americans believe in the "inevitability of progress" and therefore in this sense we are all ________.

Back 97

marxist

Front 98

Elaboration Likelihood Model—types of the peripheral route of persuasion:

Back 98

° Reciprocation— “You owe me.”

° Consistency — “we’ve always done it that way.” ° Social Proof — “Everybody’s doing it.”

° Liking — “Love me, love my ideas.”

° Authority — “Just because I say so.”

° Scarcity — “Quick, before they’re all gone.”

Front 99

Elaboration Likelihood Model—Peripheral Cues:

Back 99

An Alternative Route of Influence

Front 100

Narrative Paradigm—Theorist

Back 100

Walter Fisher

Front 101

Narration:

Back 101

symbolic actions - words and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create, or interpret them.

Front 102

Paradigm:

Back 102

conceptual firework - a widely shared perceptual filter: a universal model that calls for people to view events through common interpretive lens

Front 103

Rational-World Paradigm:

Back 103

° People are essentially rational

° we make decisions on the basis of arguments

° the type of speaking situation determines the course of our argument

° rationality is determined by how much we know and how well we argue

° the world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis

Front 104

Narrative Paradigm:

Back 104

° people are storytellers

° we make decisions on the basis of good reasons, which vary

° history, biography, culture, and character determine what we consider good reasons

° narrative rationality is determined by the coherence and fidelity of our stories

° the world is a set of stories from which we choose, and thus constantly re-create, our lives

Front 105

Narrative Coherence:

Back 105

how probable / consistent a story is

Front 106

Narrative Fidelity:

Back 106

how much a story rings true with one's experiences / relatability

Front 107

Face Negotiation Theory:

Back 107

predicts the chance of people reaching a mutually acceptable conclusion. This technique is used by professional mediators

Front 108

face:

Back 108

image of one's self in a relational situation

Front 109

Framework:

Back 109

specific verbal and non-verbal messages that help to restore face loss, and to uphold and honor face again.

Front 110

Face Negotiation Theory—Theorist

Back 110

Stella Ting-Toomey

Front 111

Face Concern:

Back 111

regard for self-face, other-face, or mutual-face.

Front 112

Face Restoration:

Back 112

self-concerned framework strategy used to preserve face and defend against loss

Front 113

Face Giving:

Back 113

other-concerned lacework used to defend and support another person's need for inclusion

Front 114

Avoiding:

Back 114

responding to conflict by running from open discussion

Front 115

obliging:

Back 115

accommodation or giving in to the solution of another in a conflict situation

Front 116

Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations—Theorist

Back 116

Stanley Deetz

Front 117

Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations—Main Idea:

Back 117

big corporations are the most dominant force in society, and control most of the world

Front 118

Managerialism

Back 118

ideology that values control over everything else

Front 119

ethics

Back 119

truth, maaaane (I needed to fill this in to save the set)