Comm. Theory Final

Front 1

The gatekeepers who determine what news will be published or broadcast are known as?

Back 1

1. Presidents and other high officeholders

2. Interest aggregations

3. Public Relations Specialists

Front 2

_______ percent of what major newspapers like the New York Times and the Washington Post print is news taken straight from press releases and press conferences.

Back 2

50

Front 3

According to agenda-setting theory, the media make some attributes more salient through

Back 3

Framing

Front 4

McCombs and Shaw have changed the scope of their initial argument of agenda-setting theory to say that the media

Back 4

Tells us what to think, what to think about, and perhaps even what to do.

Front 5

If a person regards herself or himself representative of a group of people, his or her communication will likely become

Back 5

Divergent

Front 6

A person who has had a hostile interaction with a person from another group in the past, will tend to

Back 6

Ascribe that outcome to the other person's social identity.

Front 7

There is a societal constraint that suggests that those with less power should _______ the communication practices of those with higher status.

Back 7

converge toward

Front 8

Critics of the communication accommodation theory state that

Back 8

1. it is extremely complex.

2. it cannot be tested as a whole.

3. it is not falsifiable.

Front 9

The strategy people use to adapt communication behavior to become more similar to another person is called

Back 9

Convergence

Front 10

Ting-Toomey bases her ideas on the difference between

Back 10

individualist and collectivist cultures.

Front 11

The face-giving strategy is used to defend another person's need for what?

Back 11

Inclusion

Front 12

Ting-Toomey uses the term __________ to describe facework strategy concerned with self?

Back 12

Face-restoration

Front 13

According to Ting-Toomey and Oetzel, the statement "I sacrificed my self-interest for the benefits of our relationship" would show this?

Back 13

Interdependent self image

Front 14

Based on Tannen's ideas, men and women handle conflict differently in that

Back 14

men are more comfortable with conflict.

Front 15

Kunkel and Burleson's critique of Tannen's theory focuses on their findings that men and women place an equally high value on?

Back 15

Comforting communication

Front 16

Tannen argues that her theory of genderlect is based on the idea that male and female conversation is best understood as?

Back 16

Cross-cultural communication

Front 17

When considering men and women's speaking, women speak more in this way than men?

Back 17

Private conversations

Front 18

According to Tannen, men and women differ in terms of listening because

Back 18

women interrupt in conversation to show support.

Front 19

The theory that mass media has the ability to transfer the salience of issues in their news agenda to the public agenda is known as?

Back 19

Agenda Setting Hypothesis

Front 20

This claimed that people would attend only to news and views that didn't threaten their established belief?

Back 20

Selective Exposure Hypothesis

Front 21

The pattern of news coverage across major print and broadcast media as measured by the prominence and length of stories is known as?

Back 21

Media Agenda

Front 22

The first task of developing agenda setting theory involved measuring this?

Back 22

Media Agenda

Front 23

The most important public issues as measured by public opinion surveys is known as?

Back 23

Public Agenda

Front 24

McCombs and Shaw believe this is responsible for the almost perfect correlation found b/w the media and public ordering of priorities?

Back 24

Hypothesized agenda setting function of the media

Front 25

The true test of agenda setting hypothesis is that it must be able to show that public priorities lag behind this?

Back 25

media agenda

Front 26

Agenda setting hypothesis says this is the cause and this is the delayed effect?

Back 26

1. media agenda

2. public agenda

Front 27

Agenda setting theory concludes that people who have a willingness to let the media shape their thinking have a high need for this?

Back 27

Orientation

Front 28

This is the measure of the extent to which individuals need for orientation motivates them to let the media shape their views?

Back 28

Index of curiosity

Front 29

This is the selection of a restricted number of thematically related attributes for inclusion on the media agenda when a particular object or issue is discussed?

Back 29

Framing

Front 30

There is a high correlation between this and the depth of public concern over an issue?

Back 30

Amount of media coverage

Front 31

These are clusters of people who demand center stage for their one overriding concern, pressure groups?

Back 31

Interest aggregations

Front 32

Most people 18-34 rely on this for news? 35-54? 55+?

Back 32

1. Internet

2. TV

3. Papers

Front 33

Christian's theory that a moral responsibility to promote community, mutuality, and persons in relation who live simultaneously for others and themselves?

Back 33

Communitarian Ethics

Front 34

This is an unconditional love for others because they are created in the image of God?

Back 34

Agape love

Front 35

In 1994, McCombs suggested that agenda setting is a theory of this?

Back 35

Limited media effects

Front 36

More than how many empirical studies have supported agenda-setting theory?

Back 36

400

Front 37

According to communication accommodation theory this is a strategy by which you adapt your communication behavior in such a way as to become more similar to the other person. It is a from of audience adaption to reduce non-verbal differences?

Back 37

Convergence

Front 38

This is the sensitive selection of topic to discuss?

Back 38

Discourse management

Front 39

According to communication accommodation theory, this is a communication strategy of accentuating the differences b/w yourself and another. It is counter-accommodation, direct ways of maximizing the differences b/w speakers?

Back 39

Divergence

Front 40

Speakers may persist in their original communication style regardless of the other person or over accommodate, creating a feeling of this?

Back 40

Patronization

Front 41

Communication Accommodation theory specifically focuses on the non-verbal adjustments of these?

Back 41

1. Speech rate

2. Accent

3. Pauses

Front 42

This is a major focus of communication accommodation theory?

Back 42

Inter generational communication

Front 43

The constant movement toward or away from other by changing your communicative behavior is known as?

Back 43

Accommodation

Front 44

Persisting in your original communication style regardless of the communication behavior of the other is known as?

Back 44

Maintenance (underaccommodation)

Front 45

This is demeaning or patronizing talk; excessive concern paid to vocal clarity and amplification, message simplification or repetition. AKA: baby-talk

Back 45

Overaccommodation

Front 46

The group memberships and social categories that we use to define who we are is known as our?

Back 46

Social Identity

Front 47

Personal identity is one one end of the spectrum and this is on the other end?

Back 47

Social Identity

Front 48

This is a communicators predisposition to focus on either their individual identity or group identity during a conversation?

Back 48

Initial orientation

Front 49

This is the perceptual process by which we observe what people do and then try to figure out their intent or disposition?

Back 49

Attribution

Front 50

This is a metaphor for our public self-image?

Back 50

Face

Front 51

This refers to the specific verbal and nonverbal messages that help to maintain and restore face loss, and to uphold and honor face gain?

Back 51

Facework

Front 52

This is where there's an equal concern for both parties' image, as well as the public image or their relationship?

Back 52

Mutual face

Front 53

This is the facework strategy used to defend and support another's need for inclusion?

Back 53

Face-giving

Front 54

This theory helps to explain cultural differences in responses to conflict?

Back 54

Face-negotiation theory

Front 55

This postulates that the framework of people from individualistic cultures will be strikingly different from facework of people from collectivistic cultures like Japan or China?

Back 55

Face-negotiation theory

Front 56

According to Henry Triandis in relation to face negotiation theory the 3 most important distinctions are the different ways that members perceive the following?

Back 56

1. Self

2. Goals

3. Duty

Front 57

Wherein people identify with a large group that is responsible for providing care in exchange for group loyalty; we-identity; a high context culture. This is known as?

Back 57

Collectivistic culture

Front 58

Wherein people look out for themselves and their immediate families, I-identity; a low context culture. This is known as?

Back 58

Individualistic culture

Front 59

More than 2/3 of people are born into this culture? Less that 1/3 into this one?

Back 59

1. Collectivistic

2. Individual

Front 60

This is self-image; the degree to which people conceive themselves as relatively autonomous from, or connect to, others?

Back 60

Self-construal

Front 61

This is regard for self-face, other-face, or mutual face?

Back 61

Face concern

Front 62

This is the self-concerned facework strategy used to preserve autonomy and defend against loss of personal freedom?

Back 62

Face-restoration

Front 63

The face type where a person has a self image that embraces both interdependence and independence?

Back 63

Biconstrual

Front 64

The way a culture deals with status differences and social hierarchies, the degree to which low-power members accept unequal power as natural is known as?

Back 64

Power-distance

Front 65

According to Ting-Tooney these are the 3 requirements for effectively communicating across cultures?

Back 65

1. Cultural knowledge

2. Mindfulness

3. Facework interaction skills

Front 66

The ability to recognize that things are not always what they seem and therefore seeking multiple perspectives in conflict situations is known as?

Back 66

Mindfulness

Front 67

This is ones ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and adaptively in a given situation?

Back 67

Interaction Skill

Front 68

Critics question the validity of face-negotiation theory because it is based solely on this?

Back 68

Self-reported data.

Front 69

According to Deborah Tannen, male-female communciation is this?

Back 69

Cross cultural

Front 70

According to Genderlect theory women have a desire for this and men are concerned mainly with this?

Back 70

1. Connection

2. Status

Front 71

This is is not what people say but how they say it?

Back 71

Conversation style

Front 72

This is a term suggesting that masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as two distinct cultural dialects?

Back 72

Genderlect

Front 73

This is the typical conversation style of women, which seeks to establish connection with others?

Back 73

Rapport talk

Front 74

This is the typical monologic style of men, which seeks to command attention, convey information, and win arguments?

Back 74

Report talk

Front 75

This is a supportive interruption often meant to show agreement and solidarity with speaker. Men regarding this as a power play to take over a conversation?

Back 75

Cooperative overlap

Front 76

This is a short question at the end of a declarative statement often used by women to soften the sting of potential disagreement or invite open friendly dialogue?

Back 76

Tag Question

Front 77

This is the subjective standard ascribing validity to an idea when it resonates with ones personal experience?

Back 77

Aha factor

Front 78

What are the two critical theories?

Back 78

1. Standpoint theory

2. Muted group theory

Front 79

According to standpoint theory this group have more complete views that their counterpoints?

Back 79

Those in subordinate roles

Front 80

This is a place from which to critically view the world around us?

Back 80

Standpoint

Front 81

Synonyms for standpoint include?

Back 81

1. Viewpoint

2. Perspective

3. Outlook

4. Position

Front 82

According to Standpoint theory men want this and women want this?

Back 82

1. Autonomy

2. Connection

Front 83

This is knowledge situated in time, place, experience, and relative powers as opposed to knowledge from nowhere that's supposedly value free?

Back 83

Local Knowledge

Front 84

This refers to the strategy of starting research from the lives of women and other marginalized groups whose concerns and experiences are usually ignored?

Back 84

Strong objectivity

Front 85

This is Behhabib's theory that maintains that a universal ethical standar is a viable possibility?

Back 85

Interactive Universalism

Front 86

This theory maintains that language is literally a man-made construction?

Back 86

Muted Group Therapy

Front 87

These are people belonging to low power groups who must change their language when communicating publicly, thus, their ideas are often overlooked?

Back 87

Muted Group

Front 88

Who first proposed the muted group theory?

Back 88

Edwin Ardener

Front 89

There are how many words to describe loose men? loose women?

Back 89

1. 22

2. Over 200

Front 90

This states that language shapes our perception of reality?

Back 90

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Front 91

These are editors and other arbiters or culture who determine which books, essays, poetry, plays, film scripts will appear in the mass media?

Back 91

Gatekeepers

Front 92

Kramarae believes these forms of online communication help give voice to muted women?

Back 92

1. Online education

2. Blogs

3. Wikis

Front 93

Kramarae believes that men have more trouble understanding what members of the other gender mean because they?

Back 93

Do not make an effort to do so.

Front 94

This is the ultimate goal of muted group therapy?

Back 94

To change the man-made linguistic system.

Front 95

Tannen criticizes muted group theory stating that it is problematic to say this?

Back 95

That men are trying to control women.