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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 assumptions of Face Negotiation Theory
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1. Self-identity is important in interpersonal interaction, with individuals negotiating their identities differently across cultures.
2. The management of conflict is mediated by face and culture. 3. Certain acts threaten one's projected self-image (face). |
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3 aspects of "facework"
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1. Tact facework - extent to which a person respects another's autonomy
2. Solidartity facework - accepting another as a member of an in-group 3. Approbation facework - focusing less on the negative aspects and more on the positive aspects of another |
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5 aspects of managing conflict across culture
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1. Avoiding - staying away from disagreements
2. Obliging - satisfying the needs of others 3. Compromising - using give-and-take to achieve a middle-road resolution 4. Dominating - using influence or authority to make decisions 5. Integrating - collaborating with others to find solutions |
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Face
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Face Negotiation Theory
A metaphor for the public image people display |
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Face concern
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Face Negotiation Theory
Interest in maintaining one's face or the face of others |
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Face need
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Face Negotiation Theory
Desire to be associated or disassociated with others |
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Positive face
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Face Negotiation Theory
Desire to be liked and admired by others |
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Negative face
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Face Negotiation Theory
Desire to be autonomous and free from others |
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Facework
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Face Negotiation Theory
Actions used to deal with face needs/wants of self and others |
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Tact Facework
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Face Negotiation Theory
Extent to which a person respects another's autonomy |
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Solidarity Facework
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Face Negotiation Theory
Accepting another as a member of an in-group |
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Approbation Facework
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Face Negotiation Theory
Focusing less on the negative aspects and more on the positive aspects of another |
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Self-identity
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Face Negotiation Theory
Personal attributes of another (an individual) |
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Face-maintenance Framework
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Face Negotiation Theory
Face-saving and Face Restoration |
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Face-saving
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Face Negotiation Theory
Efforts to avoid embarassment or vulnerability |
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Face Restoration
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Face Negotiation Theory
Strategy used to preserve autonomy and avoid loss of face. (Occurs after the loss of face has happened. Efforts to restore face in response to the events.) |
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Individualistic Culture
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Face Negotiation Theory
A cultural value that places emphasis on the individual over the group |
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Collectivistic Culture
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Face Negotiation Theory
A cultural value that places emphasis on the group over the individual |
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Avoiding
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Face Negotiation Theory
Staying away from disagreements |
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Obliging
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Face Negotiation Theory
Satisfying the needs of others |
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Compromising
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Face Negotiation Theory
Using give-and-take to achieve a middle-road resolution |
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Dominating
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Face Negotiation Theory
Using influence or authority to make decisions |
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Integrating
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Face Negotiation Theory
Collaborating with other to find solutions |
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4 assumptions of Communication Accomodation Theory
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1. Speech and behavioral similarities and dissimilarities exist in all conversations
2. The manner in which we perceive the speech and behaviors of another will determine how we evaluate a conversation 3. Language and behaviors impart information about social status and group belonging 4. Accomodation varies in its degree of appropriateness, and norms guide the accomodation process |
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3 ways to adapt when in conversation
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1. Convergence - Strategy used to adapt to another's behavior
2. Divergence - Strategy used to accentuate the verbal and nonverbal differences between communicators 3. Overaccomodation - Attempt to overdo efforts in regulating, modifying, or responding to others |
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Social Identity Theory
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Communication Accomodation Theory
A theory that proposes a person's identity is shaped by both personal and social characteristics |
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In-groups
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Groups in which a person feels he or she belongs |
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Out-groups
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Groups in which a person feels he or she does not belong |
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Perception
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Process of attending to and interpreting a message |
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Evaluation
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Process of judging a conversation |
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Norms
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Expectations of behavior in conversations |
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Convergence
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Communication Accomodation Theory
Strategy used to adapt to another's behavior |
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3 assumptions of Muted Group Theory
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1. Women perceive the world differently than men because of women's and men's different experiences and activities rooted in the division of labor.
2. Because of their political dominance, men's system of perception is dominant, impeding the free expression of women's alternative models of the world. 3. In order to participate in society, women must transform their own models in terms of the received male system of expression. |
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Dominant Group
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Muted Group Theory
The group that holds the power in a given culture. |
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Sex
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Muted Group Theory
Biological category divided into male and female |
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Gender
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Muted Group Theory
Social category consisting of the learned behaviors that constitute masculinity and femininity for a given culture. |
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Gender Polarization
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Muted Group Theory
Viewing men and women as polar opposites |
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Second Shift
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Muted Group Theory
The phenomenon of working women putting in eight hours on the job and another day's work at home. |
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Male dominance
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Muted Group Theory
Men are the dominant group, and their experiences are given preference over women's. (Men are in charge of naming and labeling social life, and women's experiences are often unnamed as a result.) |
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Ridicule
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Muted Group Theory
A process of silencing - trivializing women's speech. (ex. gossiping, b*tching, gabbing.) |
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Ritual
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Muted Group Theory
A process of silencing - Many social rituals have the effect of silencing women or advocating that women are subordinate to men. (ex. weddings) |
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Harassment
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Muted Group Theory
A process of silencing - Street harrassment which does not give women free access to public streets. (ex. cat-calling on the street sometimes couched as compliments, or workplace sexual harrassment) |
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5 assumptions of Standpoint Theory
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1. Material life (or class position) structures and limits understandings of social relations.
2. When material life is structured in two opposing ways for two different groups, the understanding of each will be an inversion of the other. When there is a dominant and a subordinate group, the understanding of the dominant group will be both partial and harmful. 3. The vision of the ruling group structures the material relations in which all groups are forced to participate. 4. The vision available to an oppressed group represents struggle and an achievement. 5. The potential understanding of the oppressed (the standpoint) makes visable the inhumanity of the existing relations among groups and moves us toward a better and more just world. |
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Harstock's Marxist view of Standpoint Theory
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1. All knowledge is a product of social activity.
2. Cultural conditions create different lived experiences for men versus women. 3. It is worthwhile to understand these distinctions. 4. We only know women's experiences through women's interpretations of those experiences. |
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2 critiques of Standpoint Theory
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1. Essentialism - The belief that all women are essentially the same, all men are essentially the same, and the two differ from each other.
2. Dualisms - Organizing things around pairs of opposites. |
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Feminism
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Standpoint Theory
Focusing on women's social position and desiring to end oppression based on gender. |
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Standpoint
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Standpoint Theory
An achieved position based on a social location that lends an interpretive aspect to a person's life. |
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Partial
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Standpoint Theory
A recognition that no one has a complete view of the social hierarchy. |
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Outsider Within
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Standpoint Theory
A person in a normally marginalized social position who has gained access to a more priviledged location. |
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Accuracy
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Standpoint Theory
The ability to see more than what's available to one's own specific social location. |
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Situated Knowledge
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Standpoint Theory
What anyone knows is grounded in context and circumstance. |
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Sexual Division of Labor
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Standpoint Theory
Allocation of work on the basis of sex. |
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Essentialism
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Standpoint Theory
The belief that all women are essentially the same, all men are essentially the same, and the two differ from each other. |
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Dualisms
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Standpoint Theory
Organizing things around pairs of opposites. |