Cognitive Psychology Test 1

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

The mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval and the mental storage system that enables these processes.

Front 2

Cognition

Back 2

The collections of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding, as well as the act of using those processes.

Hint 2

(e.g. language)

Front 3

Psychophysics

Back 3

The relationship between an external stimuli and your perception of it.

Front 4

Gustav Fechner

(1801-1878)

Back 4

- Creator of psychophysics

- "perception is your reality but it is not necessarily reality"

- There is not a 1:1 ratio between physical stimulus and psychological perception

Front 5

Hermann von Helmholtz

(1821-1892)

Back 5

- Visual Perception

- Unconscious inference

Front 6

Unconscious Inference

Back 6

Inferences based on life experiences

Front 7

Visual Perception governing principles

Back 7

1. The perceiver plays an active role in what is perceived.

2. It is an active process because it is based on experience

3. Most of the time these processes are unconscious

Front 8

Wilhelm Wundt

(1832-1920)

Back 8

- First to have a psych lab

- Some argue he is the father of today's psychology

- Created introspection

- He was a pseudoscientist

Hint 8

S->[*]->R

Front 9

Introspection

Back 9

Thinking about thinking

Front 10

Edward Titchener

(1867-1927)

Back 10

- Founded Structuralism

- Most influential person in american psychology

Front 11

Structuralism

Back 11

The structure of the conscious mind, the sensations, images, and feelings that were the very elements of the mind's structure.

Front 12

Herman von Ebbinghaus

(1850-1909)

Back 12

- First person to use scientific methodology to study psychological phenomenon.

- Studied non-sense syllables (saving score)

- Studied memory (more specifically forgetting)

Front 13

Ebbinghaus Forgetting curve

Back 13

1. Recall is harder the longer the list.

2. The more you study the more you remember.

- This methodology is still used today

Front 14

Sir Fredrick Charles Bartlett

(1886-1969)

Back 14

- First professor of experimental psychology at Cambridge university

- First person to show memory is reconstructive

Front 15

William James

(1842-1910)

Back 15

- Some argue he is the father of Psychology

- Wrote the first book that showed psychology as a science

- He was a Functionalist

- Interested in how the mind works and how it adapts

Front 16

Behaviorism

(1910-1950)

Back 16

- stimulus and response are the most important part of the cognitive process

Front 17

Classical Conditioning

Back 17

- Unconditioned stimulus

- Unconditioned response

- Conditioned stimulus

- Conditioned response

Hint 17

Pavlov's dog experiment

Front 18

Behaviorism

Hint 18

"little Albert experiment" (John Watson) ; Skinner box (B. F. Skinner)

Front 19

B.F. Skinner

Back 19

- Formalized the theory of behaviorism

Front 20

Operant Conditioning

Back 20

- Reinforcement contingency

- Escape contingency

- Punishment contingency

- Penalty Contingency

Front 21

Reinforcement Contingency

Back 21

Giving something good

Front 22

Escape Contingency

Back 22

Take away something bad

Front 23

Punishment Contingency

Back 23

Giving some type of punishment

Front 24

Penalty Contingency

Back 24

Taking away something good