Cognitive Psychology Test 1

Front 1

Cognition

Back 1

the mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and so on that are what the mind does

Front 2

Classical conditioning

Back 2

a procedure in which pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response

Front 3

Operant conditioning

Back 3

type of conditioning championed by B.F. Skinner, which focuses on how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers such as food or social approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforcers, such as a shock or social rejections

Front 4

Cognitive map

Back 4

mental conception of a spatial layout

Front 5

Cognitive psychology

Back 5

the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind and mental processes such as attention, memory, and language

Front 6

Reaction time

Back 6

How long it takes to react to presentation of a stimulus

Front 7

Simple reaction time

Back 7

reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus as opposed to choosing between a number of stimuli

Front 8

Broca's area

Back 8

an area in the frontal lobe associated with the production of language. damage to this area causes broca's aphasia

Front 9

Wernicke's area

Back 9

area in the temporal lobe associated with understanding language. damage to this area causes wernicke's aphasia

Front 10

Double dissociation

Back 10

a situation in which a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person and the opposite type of dissociation can be demonstrated in another person

Front 11

Distributed representation

Back 11

a concept central to connectionism; system of information processing where separate components carry the units of knowledge

Front 12

Cognitive neuroscience

Back 12

field involved in studying the neural basis of cognition

Front 13

Axon

Back 13

part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to the synapse at the end of the axon

Front 14

Neuron

Back 14

cell that is specialized to receive and transmit information in the nervous system

Front 15

Neuron doctrine

Back 15

the idea that individual cells called neurons transmit signals in the nervous system and that these cells are not continuous with other cells as proposed by nerve net theory

Front 16

Four contemporary megatrends influencing our thinking

Back 16

1.) Globalization

2.) Biological revolution

3.) Digital revolution

4.) Lifelong learning

Front 17

Disciplined mind

Back 17

the mind that has mastered a way of thinking about a specific scholarly discipline, craft, or profession and strives to renew and refine this mastery

Front 18

Synthesizing mind

Back 18

mind that takes information from disparate sources, understands and evaluates that information and pulls the peices together in a way that is meaningful to the synthesizer

Front 19

Creating mind

Back 19

mind that puts forward new ideas, poses unfamiliar questions, suggests fresh ways of thinking, and generates unexpected answers

Front 20

Resting potential

Back 20

imbalance of electrical charge which is present between the interior of an electrically excitable nerve cell and its surrounding cells

Front 21

Action potential

Back 21

electrical potential that travels down a neurons axon

Front 22

Principle of neural representation

Back 22

states that everything a person experiences is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but on representation in the person's nervous system

Front 23

Population coding

Back 23

a method to represent stimuli by using the joint activities of a number of neurons

Front 24

Sparse coding

Back 24

the representaion of items by the strong activation of a relatively small set of neurons

Front 25

Localization of function

Back 25

location of specific functions in specific areas of the brain