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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kidney Functions |
1. Removal of unwanted substances from plasma 2. Homeostasis of body's water 3. Electrolyte and Acid-base status 4. Hormonal regulation |
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Functional Unit of the Kidneys |
Nephrons |
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Basic Parts of the Nephron |
1. Glomerulus 2. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal convoluted tubule 5. Collecting Duct |
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Basic Renal Process (3) |
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion |
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Glomerular Filtration |
Filters incoming blood puts out 125-130 mL protein-free, cell-free fluid filtration rate is volume of blood filtered per minute |
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Proximal convoluted tubule |
Receives filtrate (cell & protein free) includes tubular absorption and secretion |
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Renal Threshold |
when concentration of filtrate exceeds capacity of the transport system, it is secreted in urine |
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Distal Convoluted tubule |
-adjusts for acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis through hormonal control of ADH and aldosterone. -most active region for homeostatic regulation of plasma electrolytes |
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Collecting Duct |
-final site for concentrating or diluting urine -ADH and aldosterone act on CD |
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Aldosterone |
-stimulates sodium reabsorption -stimulates excretion of potassium and H ions |
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Urea |
formed due to protein metabolism in the liver -proteins->amino acids->ammonia->urea |
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Creatinine |
-levels are function of muscle mass -not absorbed in tubules -filtered by glomerulus -Measured by Jaffe Reaction with picric acid |
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Uric Acid |
-waste product of purine metabolism -clinical significance in gout and calculi |
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Water Balance |
-increased osmolality/decreased intravascular volume stimulates (thirst) secrection of ADH |
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Electrolyte Balance |
-aldosterone promotes sodium retention (and Cl) |
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Acid-Base balance |
-Regeneration of bicarbonate (HCO3-) -Excretion of metabolic acids |
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Renin |
-catalyzes synthesis of angiotensin |
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angiotensin II |
powerful vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure and stimulates release of aldosterone |
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prostaglandins |
-increase renal blood flow -oppose renal vasoconstriction |
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Cystatin C |
-used with creatinine to detect early kidney function loss -rises faster than creatinine clearance |
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Microalbumin |
-important in management of diabetes mellitus -urine albumin concentrations of 30-300 mg/24 hrs |
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Acute glomerulonephritis |
Rapid onset of hematuria & protenuria |
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Nephrotic syndrome |
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, & lipiduria -oval fat bodies seen in UA |
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UTI (dipstick testing) |
Positive nitrites and LE |
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Chronic Kidney Failure |
1. kidney damage greater than or equal to 3 months, with or without decreased GFR 2. GFR < 60 mL/min for greater than 3 months, with or without renal damage |
