Child Development Chapter 2

Front 1

Develomental Theories

Back 1

A framework for explaining patterns and problems of development

Front 2

Freud

Back 2

Pyschosexual

Front 3

Stages of Pyschosexual

Back 3

Oral stage, anal stage, phalic stage, latency and genital stage

Front 4

Oral stage

Back 4

lips, tongue and gums are the focus of pleasurable sensations. Sucking and feeding most stimulating activities

Front 5

Anal stage

Back 5

the anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the babys body. Toilet Training

Front 6

Phalic Stage

Back 6

phallus or penis most important body part. Pleasure is derived from gential stimlation. Boys proud of them girls wonder why they don't have one

Front 7

Latency

Back 7

sexual needs are quiet. Put more energy into schoolwork and sports

Front 8

Gential Stage

Back 8

the young person seeks sexual stimulation and sexual satisifaction in hetersexual relationships

Front 9

Erickson

Back 9

psychosocial

Front 10

Trust vs. Mistrust

Back 10

babies either trust the care of others to supply their needs or mistrust the care of others

Front 11

Autonomy vs Shame and doubt

Back 11

children either become self-sufficient in walking, talking, toileting or doubt their own abilitites

Front 12

Initiative vs Guilt

Back 12

children undertake adult activities or internalize their limits set by parents. THey either feel adventurous or guilty

Front 13

industry vs inferiority

Back 13

children become competent in mastering new skills or feel inferior, unable to do anything as well as they wish they could

Front 14

identity vs. role confusion

Back 14

adolescents establish sexual, political and vocational identitites or are confused at which roles to play

Front 15

Classical conditoning

Back 15

the learning process in which a meaningful stimulus(such as the smell of food to a hungry animial) is connected with a neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) that had no special need before conditioning

Front 16

social learning theory

Back 16

an extension of behaviorism the emphasizes the influence that other people have over a person's behavior

Front 17

operant conditioning

Back 17

the learning process by which a particular action is followed by something desired (which makes the person or animal more likely to repeat the action) or by something unwanted (which makes the action less likely to be reapeated

Front 18

behavorism

Back 18

study of observable behavior the explaining of the acquistion of habits and competencies

Front 19

jean piaget

Back 19

children have egosincteric way of thinking

Front 20

cognitive theory

Back 20

a grand theory of human development the focuses on changes in how people think over time

Front 21

information processing theory

Back 21

a perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis and data

Front 22

Attachment

Back 22

is a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion. Explanation of development that focuses on the quality of the early emotional

Front 23

John Bowlby

Back 23

discussed internal working model

Front 24

secure attachment

Back 24

if caregiver nurturing

Front 25

insecure attachment

Back 25

if caregiver neglectful and unresponsive

Front 26

Neurodevelopmental approaches

Back 26

early experience have crucial role in determining how the brain wires itself which in turn influences how the individual later responds to stimuli

Front 27

Bruce Perry

Back 27

examined the effects of prenatal drug exposure on brain development

Front 28

what changes the biology and the brain and health of a child

Back 28

childhood experiences that includ neglect and traumatic stress

Front 29

Emergent theories include which characteristics

Back 29

multicultural and multidisciplinary

Front 30

Socioculture Theory

Back 30

Emergent #1 draws on reasearch in education, anthropology and history

Front 31

Epigenetic theory

Back 31

emegent #2 arising from biology, genetics and neuroscience

Front 32

Lev Vygotsky

Back 32

sociocultural perspective. concluded that each person learns from the more skilled members of the community. studied cognitive competency among diverse peoples

Front 33

The zone of proximal development

Back 33

in sociocultural theory, a metaphorical area or "zone" surrounding a learner that includes all skills, knowledge and concepts that the person is close to acquiring but cannot master without help

Front 34

sociocultural theory

Back 34

development results from the dynamic interaction of each person with the surrounding social and cultural forces

Front 35

assimilation

Back 35

new experiences are interpreted to fit into or assimilate with old ideas

Front 36

accommodation

Back 36

old ideas are restructured to include or accommodate, new experiences

Front 37

nature vs nurture controversy

Back 37

the five theories differ in how and when they see nature and nurture interacting