Child Development Midterm 2

Front 1

Piaget Stage 1

Back 1

(0-2 months) Reflexes

Front 2

Piaget Stage 2

Back 2

(2-4 months) Adaptation - Primary Circular Reaction: action and response both involve infants own body

Front 3

Piaget Stage 3

Back 3

(4-8 months) making experience last - Secondary Circular: action gets a response from another person or object, leading to baby repeating action

Front 4

Piaget Stage 4

Back 4

(8-12 months) goal directed behavior

Front 5

Piaget Stage 5

Back 5

(12-18 months) Trial and Error - Tritary Circular Reaction

Front 6

Piaget Stage 6

Back 6

(18-24 months) mental combinations, pretending, immitation

Front 7

Schemes

Back 7

Children forming ideas in head of how world works

Front 8

Assimilation

Back 8

Integrating new information into existing schemes

Front 9

Accommodation

Back 9

modify schemes, doesn't fit (airplane -> bird)

Front 10

Sensory Motor Stage

Back 10

(0-2 yrs.) 6 Stages

Front 11

Learning

Back 11

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experiences

Front 12

Neutral Stimulus

Back 12

Does not bring about response before conditioning

Front 13

Unconditioned Stimulus

Back 13

Naturally brings about a response

Front 14

Unconditioned Response

Back 14

Natural Response

Front 15

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 15

Previously neutral, paired with UCS to bring response

Front 16

Conditioned Response

Back 16

Response that follows previous neutral stimulus

Front 17

Operant Conditioning

Back 17

A voluntary response is more or less likely depending on the consequences

Front 18

Reinforcement

Back 18

Stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated

Front 19

Positive Reinforcement

Back 19

The ADDITION of a stimulus INCREASES behavior

Front 20

Negative Reinforcement

Back 20

The REMOVAL of a stimulus INCREASES behavior

Front 21

Punishment

Back 21

the addition or removal of a stimulus that DECREASES behavior

Front 22

Iconic Memory

Back 22

You see

Front 23

Ecoin Memory

Back 23

You hear

Front 24

Sensory Memory

Back 24

1/4- 3 seconds

Front 25

Short term memory

Back 25

working memory - 30 seconds. remember 7 +/- 2 chunks of information

Front 26

Long Term Memory

Back 26

unlimited capacity, once there it's there forever...sometimes hiding, comes back quickly

Front 27

Recall Memory

Back 27

ability to retrieve information

Front 28

Recognition Memory

Back 28

ability to recognize information, more fallible

Front 29

Reading 6-8 yrs

Back 29

combine whole words and phonics approach

Front 30

Descriptive Reading:

Back 30

describe objects in story

Front 31

Comprehensive Reading

Back 31

combine description with real world

Front 32

Collaboration Reading

Back 32

Encourage child's contribution (best type)

Front 33

Artistic Skills 3-4yrs

Back 33

shape stage -> design stage

Front 34

Artistic Skills 4-5 yrs

Back 34

pictorial stage

Front 35

Math skills: Ordinality

Back 35

12-18mths, less, larger, smaller

Front 36

Math Skills: Counting

Back 36

3 yr old to # 10
5 yr old to # 20

Front 37

Math Skills: Fractions

Back 37

7-8yrs simple fractions

Front 38

Math Skills: Cardinality

Back 38

Counting up means that last number said is the number of things

Front 39

Reductionism

Back 39

Breaking up a phenomenon into separate parts to such an extent that the meaning and coherence of the phenomenon as a whole becomes lost

Front 40

Computer analogy-

Back 40

Computers have no capacity for self reflection, no awareness of how their cognitive processes are integrated, organized and monitored - which leaves the analogy insufficient and inadequate

Front 41

Fluid intelligence

Back 41

applied to novel problems and relatively independent of education

Front 42

Crystallized intelligence

Back 42

accumulation of information, skills, and strategies

Front 43

Triarchic Theory: Analytical

Back 43

IQ tests

Front 44

Triarchic Theory: creative

Back 44

application and creativity

Front 45

Triarchic Theory: Practical

Back 45

"street smarts", common sense

Front 46

Emotional intelligence

Back 46

ability to accurately assess emotions (to get along with others)

Front 47

Intelligence Assessment: Galton

Back 47

Intelligence based on head size

Front 48

Intelligence Assessment: Binet

Back 48

intelligence quotient; 1st intelligence test to help those children in need

Front 49

Stanford Binet IQ test

Back 49

established norms, use IQ test to compare individuals

Front 50

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Back 50

contains both a verbal and a performace scale

Front 51

Group IQ tests

Back 51

paper and pencil test to ease administration

Front 52

Creativity

Back 52

ability to see situations in a new way - divergent thinking