Chap 8 Teachers Schools Society Bold Terms&more!

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Academic Freedom

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The opportunity for teachers and students to learn, teach, study, research, and question without censorship, coercion, or external political and other restrictive influences.

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Brevity

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not overly long, meaning 250 words or less of poems,articles, stories, or essays less than 2,500 words, 1,000 words or 10 percent of prose (whichever is less) one illustration from the same book or journal

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Buckley Amendment

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The 1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act granting parents of students under 18 and students 18 or over the right to examine their school records.

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character education

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A model composed of various strategies that promote a defined set of core values to students.

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child abuse

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Physical, sexual, or emotional violation of a child's health and well-being.

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comprehensive values education

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An approach to moral education that integrates traditional and progressive strategies for teaching values.

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corporal punishment

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Disciplining students through physical punishment by a school employee.

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Cumulative effect

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limits the number of works that can be reproduced even when criteria of brevity and spontaneity are met.

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due process

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The procedural requirements that must be followed in such areas as student and teacher discipline and placement in special education programs. Due process exists to safeguard individuals from arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable policies, practices, or actions. The essential elements of due process are (1) a notice of the charge or actions to be taken, (2) the opportunity to be heard, and (3) the right to a defense that reflects the particular circumstances and nature of the case.

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educational malpractice

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Legal liability has been least firmly associated with.A new experimental line of litigation similar to the concept of medical malpractice. Educational malpractice is concerned with assessing liability for students who graduate from school without fundamental skills. Unlike medical malpractice, many courts have rejected the notion that schools or educators be held liable for this problem.

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fair use

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A legal principle allowing limited use of copyrighted materials. The 3 criteria that teachers must observe are brevity, spontaneity, and cumulative effect.

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in loco parentis

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Latin term meaning "in place of the parents"; that is, a teacher or school administrator assumes the duties and responsibilities of the parents during the hours the child attends school.

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Malfeasance

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Intentional behavior that is illegal and even harmful. Deliberately acting improperly and causing harm to someone.

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Misfeasance

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Performance of a legal action in an improper or even illegal manner. Failure to act in a proper manner to prevent harm.

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moral stages of development

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Promoted by Lawrence Kohlberg as a model of moral development in which individuals progress from simple moral concerns, such as avoiding punishment, to more sophisticated ethical beliefs and actions.

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Nonfeasance

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Failure to perform a duty. Failure to exercise appropriate responsibility that results in someone's being harmed.

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sexual harassment

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Court ruling that schools had to show "deliberate indifference" before paying damages in these cases. Unwanted, repeated, and unreturned sexual words, behaviors, or gestures prohibited by federal and some state laws.

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Spontaneity

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there is insufficient time to obtain written permission

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Traditional inculcation

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direct teaching of a code of values

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values clarification

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A model, comprising various strategies, that encourages students to express and clarify their values on different topics.

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zero-tolerance policy

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Such rigorous rules offer schools little or no flexibility in responding to student infractions related to alcohol, drugs, tobacco, violence, and weapons. These policies have been developed by both local school districts and a number of state legislatures, and in most cases, students who violate such policies must be expelled.

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Title IX

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Prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funds.

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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964)

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It is illegal for prospective emplorers to question an applicant's age, send a photo with application, marital status, questions about children, sexual preference.