Chapter 6 - Motivation And Emotion

Front 1

motive

Back 1

Specific need or desire, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-directed behavior

Front 2

emotion

Back 2

Feeling, such as fear, joy, or surprise, that underlies behavior

Front 3

instinct

Back 3

Inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an entire species

Front 4

drive

Back 4

State of tension or arousal that motivates behavior

Front 5

drive-reduction theory

Back 5

States that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and at returning the organism to homeostasis

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homeostasis

Back 6

State of balance and stability in which the organism functions effectively

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primary drive

Back 7

An unlearned drive, such as hunger, that is based on a physiological state

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secondary drive

Back 8

A learned drive, such as ambition, that is not based on a physiological state

Front 9

arousal theory

Back 9

Theory of motivation that proposes that organisms seek an optimal level of arousal

Front 10

Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 10

States that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates

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extrinsic motivation

Back 11

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment

Front 12

intrinsic motivation

Back 12

A desire to perform a behavior that stems from the enjoyment derived from the behavior itself

Front 13

flow

Back 13

According to Csikszentmihalyi, a state of mind characterized by complete and consuming focus on an activity that provides a sense of internalized motivation and happiness

Front 14

reinforcement theory

Back 14

Theory based on the principles of operant conditioning which specifies that workers will modify their behavior based on the outcomes that are associated with it

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equity theory

Back 15

Theory of motivation that emphasizes the belief that effort expended should match rewards received for work

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expectancy theory

Back 16

Theory of motivation that emphasizes workers' awareness of the value of work-related rewards and of how their behaviors are linked to receiving those rewards

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goal-setting theory

Back 17

Theory of motivation that emphasizes that when goals are clearly stated, and when workers believe that their efforts on the job will lead to the attainment of these goals, their behavior will be highly motivated toward meeting the goals

Front 18

incentive

Back 18

External stimulus that prompts goal-directed behavior

Front 19

anorexia nervosa

Back 19

A serious eating disorder that is associated with an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image

Front 20

bulimia nervosa

Back 20

An eating disorder characterized by binges of eating followed by self-induced vomiting or the excessive use of laxatives

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sexual orientation

Back 21

Refers to the direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same sex, the other sex, or both sexes

Front 22

stimulus motive

Back 22

Unlearned motive, such as curiosity or contact, that prompts us to explore or change the world around us

Front 23

aggression

Back 23

Behavior intended to do harm to others; also, the motive to behave aggressively

Front 24

achievement motive

Back 24

The need to excel, to overcome obstacles

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affiliation motive

Back 25

The need to be with others

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primary emotions

Back 26

Emotions, such as fear, anger, and pleasure, that are found in all cultures

Front 27

secondary emotions

Back 27

Emotions found in some but not all cultures

Front 28

display rules

Back 28

Culture-specific rules that govern how, when, and why expressions of emotion are appropriate