Motivation And Emotion

Front 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Back 1

motivation

Front 2

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Back 2

instinct

Front 3

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Back 3

drive-reduction theory

Front 4

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Back 4

homeostasis

Front 5

the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Back 5

homeostasis

Front 6

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Back 6

incentive

Front 7

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Back 7

hierarchy of needs

Front 8

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.

Back 8

glucose

Front 9

when its level is low, we feel hunger

Back 9

glucose

Front 10

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Back 10

manic episode

Front 11

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set

Back 11

set point

Front 12

when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Back 12

set point

Front 13

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Back 13

anorexia nervosa

Front 14

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Back 14

bulimia nervosa

Front 15

a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males

Back 15

estrogen

Front 16

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex

Back 16

sexual orientation

Front 17

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

Back 17

flow

Front 18

the application of psychological concepts an methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Back 18

industrial-organizational psychology

Front 19

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

Back 19

personnel psychology

Front 20

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Back 20

organizational psychology

Front 21

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

Back 21

structured interviews

Front 22

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

Back 22

achievement motivation

Front 23

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Back 23

task leadership

Front 24

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

Back 24

social leadership

Front 25

assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above

Back 25

Theory X

Front 26

assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity

Back 26

Theory Y

Front 27

a response of the whole organism

Back 27

emotion

Front 28

involving physiological, arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

Back 28

emotion

Front 29

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Back 29

James-Lange theory

Front 30

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Back 30

Cannon-Bard theory

Front 31

the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Back 31

two-factor theory (Schachter's theory)

Front 32

emotional release

Back 32

catharsis

Front 33

"releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

Back 33

catharsis

Front 34

people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Back 34

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Front 35

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

Back 35

subjective well-being

Front 36

used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life

Back 36

subjective well-being

Front 37

our tendency to form judgments relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience

Back 37

adaptation-level phenomenon

Front 38

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

Back 38

relative deprivation