Psych,motivation & Emotion Vocab

Front 1

Abraham Maslow

Back 1

1908-1970. American psychologist who was a major proponent of the humanistic movement in psychology.

Front 2

acquired (secondary) drives

Back 2

those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval.

Front 3

amygdala

Back 3

brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear.

Front 4

anorexia nervosa

Back 4

a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs.

Front 5

arousal theory of motivation

Back 5

people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation.

Front 6

basal metabolic rate

Back 6

the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting.

Front 7

bulimia

Back 7

a condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging” or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and “purging” or deliberately vomiting after eating.

Front 8

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Back 8

theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time.

Front 9

cognitive arousal theory

Back 9

theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced.

Front 10

cognitive-mediational theory

Back 10

in which a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction.

Front 11

common sense theory

Back 11

idea held by most people that a stimulus leads to the subjective experience of an emotion which then triggers a physiological response.

Front 12

display rules

Back 12

learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings.

Front 13

drive

Back 13

a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension.

Front 14

drive-reduction theory

Back 14

approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs which cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal.

Front 15

emotion

Back 15

the “feeling” aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings.

Front 16

expectancy-value theories

Back 16

a type of incentive theory that assumes the actions of humans ca not be predicted without understanding the beliefs, values, and the importance that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment.

Front 17

extrinsic motivation

Back 17

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

Front 18

facial feedback hypothesis

Back 18

theory of emotion which assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion.

Front 19

glucagons

Back 19

hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream.

Front 20

hierarchy of needs

Back 20

a theory of motivation proposed by Maslow which suggests that as people meet their basic needs they seek to satisfy successively higher needs as laid out in the hierchy.

Front 21

homeostasis

Back 21

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state. humanistic theory of motivation theories of motivation which focus on human potential and the drive to be the best a person can be.

Front 22

hypothalamus

Back 22

small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex.

Front 23

incentive theory of motivation

Back 23

behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties.

Front 24

incentives

Back 24

things that attract or lure people into action.

Front 25

instinct approach of motivation

Back 25

approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by instincts similar to those of other animals.

Front 26

instincts

Back 26

the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

Front 27

insulin

Back 27

a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream.

Front 28

intrinsic motivation

Back 28

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

Front 29

James-Lange theory of emotion

Back 29

a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion.

Front 30

leptin

Back 30

a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that thebody has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full.

Front 31

motivation

Back 31

the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

Front 32

need

Back 32

a lack of some material (such as food or water) that is required for survival of the organism.

Front 33

need for achievement (nAch)

Back 33

a need which involves a strong desire to succeed in attaininggoals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones.

Front 34

need for affiliation (nAff)

Back 34

the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others.

Front 35

need for power (nPow)

Back 35

the need to have control or influence over others.

Front 36

needs theory of motivation

Back 36

theory of motivation that examines the three specific needs for achievement, affiliation, and power.

Front 37

obesity

Back 37

condition in which a person weighs 20 percent or more over their ideal weight.

Front 38

peak experiences

Back 38

according to Maslow, times in a person’s life during which self- actualization is temporarily achieved.

Front 39

positive psychology

Back 39

a viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness.

Front 40

primary drives

Back 40

those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.

Front 41

Schachter and Singer

Back 41

two psychologists responsible for proposing the cognitive arousal theory of emotions.

Front 42

self-actualization

Back 42

according to Maslow, the seldom-reached point at which people have suffciently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential.

Front 43

self-determination theory (SDT)

Back 43

theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action.

Front 44

sensation seeker

Back 44

someone who needs more arousal than the average person.

Front 45

stimulus motive

Back 45

a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation. An example of this motive is curiosity.

Front 46

weight set point

Back 46

the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain.

Front 47

Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 47

predicts that a certain level of arousal will be motivating, but too much arousal or too little arousal will decrease motivation. The optimal level of arousal appears to depend on the individual and the difficulty of the task.