Chapter 4: The Brain - Source Of Mind And Self

Front 1

What is a Nerve?

Back 1

A bundle of nerve fibres (axons and sometimes dendrites in peripheral nervous system)

Front 2

What is Neurogenesis?

Back 2

The production of new neurons from immature stem cells.

Front 3

What is a Neuron?
(Also called a nerve cell)

Back 3

Base unit of nervous system that conducts electrochemical signals

Front 4

Brain Stem (Located/Contains)

Back 4

At the base of the brain top of spinal cord/Medulla, Pons & RAS

Front 5

What does the Amygdala do?

Back 5

Controls arousal and regulation of emotion and initial emotional response to sensory info.

Front 6

What does the Cerebellum do?

Back 6

Regulates movement & balance.
It is involved in learning certain simple responses.

Front 7

What is the Cerebrum?

Back 7

Largest brain structure

Front 8

What does the cerebrum do?

Back 8

In charge of most sensory, motor & Cognitive processes

Front 9

Describe the structure of the Cerebrum

Back 9

It is divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum.

Front 10

Where is the frontal lobe?

Back 10

At the front of the cerebral cortex

Front 11

What does the frontal lobe do?

Back 11

Controls short term memory, higher order thinging, initiative, social judgement, speech (in the left side)

Front 12

What is the Hippocampus responsible for?

Back 12

Encoding of new information into memory.

Front 13

What does HPA stand for?

Back 13

Hypothalamus, Pituiatary Gland, Adrenal Cortex

Front 14

What does the HPA Axis do? Describe the Process

Back 14

Activates to energize the body to respond to stressors. Hypocampus sends chemical messengers --> Pitiuatary Gland --> prompts adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones.

Front 15

What does the Hypothalamus regulate?

Back 15

the Autonomic Nervous System

Front 16

What is the Hypothalamus involved in?

Back 16

Emotions & Drives vital to survival (Fear, Hunger, Thirst, Reproduction)

Front 17

What does the limbic system control?

Back 17

Emotional reactions and motivated behaviour

Front 18

What does the medulla control?

Back 18

Automatic functions such as breathing and heartrate

Front 19

What is the peripheral nervous system? (PNS)

Back 19

All portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord; it includes sensory and motor nerves.

Front 20

What is the somatic nervous system?

Back 20

one of the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles; sometimes called the skeletal nervous system.

Front 21

What is the autonomic nervous system

Back 21

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal organs and glands

Front 22

What is the sympathetic nervous system

Back 22

The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion or stress.

Front 23

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 23

The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that operates during relaxed states and that conserves energy.

Front 24

What the two components of the Central Nervous System?

Back 24

The BRain and the spinal cord

Front 25

What does a glia cell do?
(SIN DEFeats MOStMeN)

Back 25

1/ "SIN" supports, insulates, and nurtures neurons
2/ "DEF" debris (when neurons die), enhance formation
3/ "MOSt-MeN" maintenance of synapses, and modify neural functioning.

Front 26

What are astrocytes?

Back 26

Star shaped glia that may be involved in neural communication including the storage of neurotransmitters.

Front 27

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system called?

Back 27

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

Front 28

Name the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System:

Back 28

Somatic and Autonomic

Front 29

What does the Central Nervous System do?

Back 29

Receives, processes, interprets and stores incoming sensory information (about tastes sounds smells colour pressure on the skin, the state of internal organs, etc)

Front 30

What process does the spinal cord do without the help of the brain?

Back 30

Spinal reflexes (such as pulling away from something hot)

Front 31

What does a dendrite do?

Back 31

Recieves information from other neurons and transmits them towards the cell body. (very end of nerve structure)

Front 32

What does the myelin sheath do?

Back 32

Speeds up the communication of information, (surrounds the axon)

Front 33

List the structure of a Neuron from Dendrite to Synapse

Back 33

Dendrite
Cell Body
Axon (surrounded by myelin sheath)
Axon terminals
Synaptic end Bulbs
Synapse

Front 34

Name three chemical messengers in the nervous system:

Back 34

Serotonin (affects sleep, appetite, mood, pain supression)
Dopamine (affects voluntary movement resp for parkinsons)
Acetylcholine (muscle action, memory, emotions)
Noreinephrine (increases heart rate)
GABA (inhibitory neurontransmitter)
Glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter)

Front 35

Name 3 hormones:

Back 35

Melatonin, Adrenal, Sex