Ap Psychology Study- Biological Basis Of Behavior

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Measures subtle changes in brian electrical activity through electrodes placed on the head

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EEG (Electroencephalogram)

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Generate cross-sectional images of the brain through an X-ray like technique

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CAT scans (Computerized Axial Tomography)

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Similar to CAT scans, but genrates more highly detailed pictures of the brain. Only capture "snapshots of the brain"

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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

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Techniques that allow scientists to view the brain as it is working.

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Functional MRI and PET scans (Positron Emission Tomography)

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Nervous System composed of the brain and spinal cord

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

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Nervous System comprised of all other nerves in the body. Can be divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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Central processing center for thoughts, motivations, and emotions

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Brain

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Nerve Cells

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Neurons

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Strands of interconnected neurons, respnsible for conveying information to and from the brain and PNS

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Nerves

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Nerves sending information TO the brain

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Afferents

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Nerves conveying information FROM the brain

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Efferents

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Quick and involuntary repsonses to environmental stimuli

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Reflexes

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Responsible for voluntary movement of large skeltal muscles.

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Somatic nervous system

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Controls the nonskeletal or smooth muscles such as those of the heart and digestive tract. Can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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Autonomic Nervous system

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Associated with processes the burn energy- preparaion tof fight of flight reactions.

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Sympathetic nervous system

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System responsible for conserving energy, calms down the body after the fight is over

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Parasympathetic Nervous system

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3 Regions that the brain is divided into

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Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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Contains the limbic system, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex

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Forebrain

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Area of the brain involved in learning, emotion, and memory. Comprises the hippocampus, amygdala, and septum

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Limbic System

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Involved in learning and memory formation. Damage does not eliminate existing memories, but prevents the formation of new memories. (Anterograde amnesia)

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Hippocampus

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Implicated in anger, seems to relate more to agression

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Amygdala

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Implicated in anger, seems to relate more to fear

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Septum

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Controls temperature and water balance of the body as well as the autonomic nervous system (maintains homeostasis)

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Hypothalamus

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Gateway for most of the sensory input to the brain. Relays input to regions of cerebral cortex through neural projections (Relay station)

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Thalamus

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Wrinkled outer layer of the brian, involved in higher cognitive functions, such as thinking, planning, launguage use, and fine motor control. Receives sensory input from the thalamus

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Cerebral Cortex

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Location of the reticular activating system

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Midbrain

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Network of neurons responsible for conciousness, attention, sleeping, and wakefulness

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Reticular activating system

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Midbrain, hindbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus form the ___________, the junction between the brain and the spinal cord.

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Brain Stem

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Made up of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons

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Hindbrain

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Controls muscle tone and balance

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Cerebellum

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Controls heart rate, swallowing, breathing, and digestion

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Medulla Oblongata

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Way station, passing neural information from one brain area to another

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Pons

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Information transformation that occurs on the same side of the body and brain

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Ipsilateral

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Hemisphere typically specialized for lanuage processing, first noticed by Paul Broca

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Left Hemisphere

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Brain damage to the left hemispere may result in _______, loss of speaking ability.

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Aphasia

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Performed split brain experiments in which the corpus collusum is cut.

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Roger Sperry

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Lobe responsible for higher level thought and reasoning; contains primary motor cortez

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Frontal lobe

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Lobe that handles somatosensory information, home of primary somatosensory cortex. Receives information about temperature, pressure, texture, and pain

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Parietal Lobe

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Lobe that handles auditory input and is critical for processing speech and appreciating music

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Temporal Lobe

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Lobe that processes visual input

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Occipital Lobe

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Inability to organize movement

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Apraxia

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Difficulty in processing sensory input

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Agnosia

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Inability to read

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Alexia

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Receive input from other neurons through receptors on their surface

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Dendrites

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Long, tubelike structure that reponds to input from dendrites and soma

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Axon