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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bronchiectasis? (p. 1256) |
Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi |
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What are three types of bronchiectasis? |
1.) Cylindrical - symmetrically dilated airways; can be seen after pneumonia and is reversible 2.) Saccular - bronchi become large and balloon-like 3.) Varicose - constrictions and dilations deform the bronchi, creating a bulbous appearance |
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What is the primary symptom of bronchiectasis? |
chronic productive cough |
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What is emphysema? (p. 1268) |
Abnormal permanent enlargement of gas exchange airways (acini) accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis |
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What is the major mechanism of airflow limitation in emphysema? (Page 1268) |
Loss of elastic recoil |
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Secondary emphysema caused by cigarette smoking is much more common than primary emphysema. What is commonly linked to primary emphysema? (Page 1268) |
An inherited deficiency of the enzyme alpha-1 antitrypsin. Individuals who have this deficiency, which is an autosomal recessive trait, have an increased likelihood of developing emphysema because proteolysis in lung tissues is not inhibited |
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The pathophysiology of emphysema is characterized by… (Page 1269) |
Destruction of alveoli through the breakdown of elastin within the septa by an imbalance between proteases and anti-proteases, oxidative stress, and a pop ptosis of lung structural cells. |
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What are the two structural types of emphysema? |
Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema and panacinar (panlobular) |
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Describe centriacinar emphysema. |
Septal destruction occurs in the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts, usually in the upper lobes of the lungs. The alveolar sac (alveoli distal to the respiratory bronchioles) remains intact. It tends to occur in smokers with chronic bronchitis. (Page 1269) |
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Describe panacinar emphysema |
It involves the entire acinus, with damage more randomly distributed and involving the lower lobes of the lungs |
