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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which structure of fetal circulation is attached to the liver and placenta?
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Ductus venosus
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When does the heart begin to contract in development?
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week 4
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When does cardiogenisis begin?
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week 3
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In Cardiogenesis:
Develops as an enlarged blood vessel with a large ______ and muscular wall - __________ grows faster than the ends |
Develops as an enlarged blood vessel with a LARGE LUMEN and muscular wall
-MIDSECTION grows faster than the ends |
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In Cardiogenesis:
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The heart tube ELOG and rotates to the right,
creating a BULBOVENTRICULAR LOOP |
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Endocardial cushions
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refers to a subset of cells in the primordial heart that play a vital role in proper heart septation.
- They develop on the atrioventricular canal - The endocardial cushions are a subset of cells found in the developing heart tube that will give rise to the heart's valves and septa critical to the proper formation of a four-chambered heart |
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Ostium primum
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The gap between the two structures called septum primum and septum secundum
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What are the postnatal development changes?
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- Changes in the size of the right ventricle
HEMODYNAMICS - Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance - Increased systemic vascular resistance - Heart rate ranges from 100 to 180 beats per minute ------>Newborns have a high oxygen demand |
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Underlying cause is known in only ____% of defects
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10%
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What are some common Prenatal, environmental, and genetic risk
factors? |
Maternal rubella, insulin-dependent
diabetes, alcoholism, PKU, and hypercalcemia, Chromosome aberrations |
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To get blood to flow from right to left ventricles, which ventricle would need to be higher in pressure than normal?
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Right ventricle
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What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
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A heart defect that causes a right to left shunt secondary to increase pressures on the right side of the heart because of pulmonary hypertension
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Eisenmenger syndrome
A heart defect that causes a _____ to ____ shunt secondary to increase pressures on the right side of the heart because of pulmonary hypertension |
A heart defect that causes a RIGHT to LEFT shunt secondary to increase pressures on the right side of the heart because of pulmonary hypertension
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What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
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- Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
- PDA allows blood to shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta |
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Why is a Right to left shun worse?
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It pushes non-O2 blood to the left ventricals
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What does a Left to right shunt do?
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Pushes O2 blood back to lungs
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Atrial septal defect
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- Abnormal communication between atria
- a defect that increases pulmonary blood flow 3 types: Ostium primum defect Ostium secundum defect Sinus venosus defect |
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What are the 3 kinds of Atrial septal defects?
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Ostium primum defect
Ostium secundum defect Sinus venosus defect - Abnormal communication between atria - a defect that increases pulmonary blood flow - shunt of left to right |
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What is the septum secundum?
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growth toward the area of the endocardial cushions
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What is the most common type of congenital heart lesion?
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Types - Perimembranous VSD - Muscular VSD - Supracristal VSD |
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What are the 4 conditions that increase pulmonary blood flow?
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- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Atrial septal defect - Ventricular septal defect - Atrioventricular canal defect |
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What is the Patent ductus arteriosus?
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A vessel located on the lower side of the great curvature of the aorta and connects with the pulmonary arteries.
(if shunted allows oxgenated blood into pulmonary artery) (left to right shunt) |
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What is Atrioventricular canal defect?
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Results from nonfusion of the endocardial cushions. Example of a left to right shunt, increases pulmonary blood flow
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What is tetralogy of Fallot
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Syndrome represented by four defects
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Overriding aorta straddles the VSD - Pulmonary valve stenosis - Right ventricle hypertrophy (flows from right to left ventrical, decreases pulmonary blood flow) |
