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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
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It does not increase genetic variability.
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Hermaphrodites are animals that
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possess both male and female reproductive systems.
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Which of the following statements regarding sexual reproduction is true?
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Sexual reproduction generates greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction.
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Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in
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aquatic animals
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Which of the following is a form of sexual reproduction?
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formation of a zygote
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Which reproductive method is used most frequently by mammals?
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internal fertilization
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How does a zygote differ from an ovum?
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A zygote has more chromosomes.
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The embryo implants in the ________ of the uterus.
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endometrium
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The human egg is swept through the oviduct toward the uterus by
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the beating of cilia in the oviduct.
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Which of the following statements about the reproductive system of human females is true?
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The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy.
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The route that sperm take from formation to ejaculation from the penis is from the testes to _____.
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the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
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After being produced in the testes, sperm mature further in a structure called the
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epididymis.
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Which of the following produces a thick fluid containing fructose, which is used for energy by sperm?
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seminal vesicles
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Men who take very long, hot baths are likely to
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produce fewer sperm
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Human testes are positioned in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity
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so the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior.
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Which of the following statements comparing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is true?
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Men, but not women, can produce gametes throughout their lives.
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Which of the following statements regarding spermatogenesis and oogenesis is true?
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Meiosis in oogenesis produces one mature egg from one primary oocyte.
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What does an ovum and a sperm have in common?
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a haploid set of chromosomes
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A decrease in ________ is followed by the gradual degradation of the corpus luteum.
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LH
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Which of the following hormones stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle?
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FSH
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In human females, the ovarian cycle begins when
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the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH.
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Menstruation
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coincides with the beginning of the pre-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle.
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Menstruation results in the discharge of _____.
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the endometrium
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A peak in _____ triggers ovulation around the _____ day of the monthly cycle.
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LH … 14th
The surge in LH is the trigger for ovulation, occurring usually about midway through the cycle. |
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If a woman wants to become pregnant, what is the optimal day on which to have sexual intercourse?
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the day of ovulation
Because the egg can survive in the oviduct for 24 to 48 hours, intercourse must be timed to coincide with ovulation. |
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After ovulation occurs, the empty follicle _____.
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changes into the corpus luteum and makes hormones
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What is the source of the hormones that, when suddenly absent, are directly responsible for the onset of menstruation?
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corpus luteum
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What prevents menstruation when a woman first becomes pregnant?
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The release of HCG from the implanted embryo acts like LH, stimulating the corpus luteum to continue to secrete progesterone and estrogen.
(Human chorionic gonadotropin is typically the substance tested for in pregnancy tests.) |
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Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus that can also cause cancer?
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genital warts
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Which of the following types of pathogens cause sexually transmitted diseases that cannot be treated with antibiotics?
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viruses
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Which of the following agents can cause an infection that can ultimately develop into pelvic inflammatory disease in women?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Which of the following birth control methods also provides the best protection against STDs?
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condoms
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Which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is false?
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genital warts are caused by a bacterium
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Which of the following statements regarding birth control is true?
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Morning-after pills taken within three days of unprotected intercourse prevent fertilization or implantation about 75% of the time.
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Morning-after pills taken within three days of unprotected intercourse prevent fertilization or implantation about 75% of the time.
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tubal ligation or vasectomy.
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The only totally effective way to prevent the spread of STDs is through
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abstaining from sexual intercourse.
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Which of the following is the least effective method of birth control?
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rhythm method
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The drug RU-486 was developed in France and is widely used in Europe as a method of birth control. Its introduction to the United States has been controversial, however. The drug is taken after sexual intercourse. It blocks implantation, and in this sense it prevents pregnancy _____.
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by blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus, thus preventing progesterone from maintaining pregnancy
DOES NOT PREVENT CONCEPTION |
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Immediately after the fusion of sperm and egg plasma membranes, _____.
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there is a change in the egg membrane that prevents the entry of other sperm
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After a human sperm penetrates an egg, a fertilization envelope forms. This membrane _____.
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prevents more than one sperm from entering the egg
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Fertilization
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joins two haploid sets of chromosomes and activates development in the egg.
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Which of the following generates the ATP that is required for movement of the sperm's tail?
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mitochondria in the neck and middle piece
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Two important contributions that cleavage makes to development are to
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create a multicellular embryo and partition the embryo into developmental regions.
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Which of the following results from cleavage?
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formation of more cells
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Which of the following events occurs first during embryonic development?
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cleavage
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Which of the following structures develops from mesodermal tissue?
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notochord
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What occurs during gastrulation?
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A hollow blastula is changed into a hollow embryo that has three tissue layers.
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The ectoderm is one of the embryonic tissue layers produced during gastrulation that forms the
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outer layer of the gastrula.
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Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?
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RAPID GROWTH
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At which gestational age does a developing human fetus first look obviously human and not like other vertebrate embryos?
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9 WEEKS
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Which of the trimesters primarily involve(s) an increase in size and general refinement of the human features?
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THE 2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTERS
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Contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor are initiated by
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oxytocin.
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Which of the following options correctly lists the three stages of labor in the order in which they occur?
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dilation, expulsion, delivery of the placenta
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Where does fertilization of an egg cell occur?
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OVIDUCT
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Which hormone spikes midway through the menstrual cycle and triggers ovulation?
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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True or false. The corpus luteum develops from the ruptured follicle during the luteal phase after ovulation and produces hormones that can aid in pregnancy.
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TRUE
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Sperm become capable of movement while in the _____.
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epididymis
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Sperm exit a male's body via the _____.
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URETHRA
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The secretion of androgens is regulated by a _____ feedback mechanism involving the _____ and _____.
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negative ... hypothalamus ... pituitary gland
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Which hormone(s) is(are) directly responsible for triggering the development of the secondary sex characteristics of males, such as beard growth?
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ANDROGENS
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Which pituitary secretion stimulates sperm production?
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FSH
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Which pituitary secretion stimulates the testes to secrete androgens?
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LH
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Sperm develop in the _____.
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seminiferous tubules
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True or false. During sperm maturation, secondary spermatocytes are the products of meiosis II that go on to form spermatids, which undergo restructuring to form spermatozoa.
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FALSE
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Which male reproductive structures are responsible for the transport and delivery of sperm?
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Vas deferens, urethra, and penis
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Which of the following events does NOT occur during human fertilization?
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Enzymes on the outside of the sperm break down the follicle cells surrounding the egg
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A fertilized egg usually implants itself and develops in the _____.
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UTERUS
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A rapid increase in the _____ level stimulates ovulation.
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luteinizing hormone
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After ovulation, high levels of _____ inhibit _____ secretion.
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FSH and LH ... estrogen and progesterone
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Developing ovarian follicles primarily secrete _____.
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estrogens
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If there is fertilization, secretion of _____ by the early embryo maintains the corpus luteum.
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estrogen and progesterone
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Ovulation usually occurs on or about day _____ of a 28-day ovarian cycle.
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14
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What is the usual site of the fertilization of an egg cell?
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OVIDUCT
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If there is fertilization, secretion of _____ by the early embryo maintains the corpus luteum.
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human chorionic gonadotropin
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Which of the following terms describes the embryonic cell divisions that occur without cell growth in mammals?
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Cleavage
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True or false. Early animal development progresses through distinct stages: first the production of the zygote through fertilization, then cleavage, then the formation of the gastrula, and then the formation of the blastula.
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FALSE
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The human heart is functioning by which point in development?
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4 WEEKS
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How long does it take for an embryo to begin implantation in the uterus?
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7 DAYS
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What cells are responsible for implantation in the uterus?
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trophoblast
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The linkage between the _____ and _____ eventually becomes the placenta.
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trophoblast; uterine wall
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