Chapter 22

Front 1

During gas exchange, where does the CO2, which is released from the lungs, originate?

Back 1

It is a waste product of cellular respiration.

Front 2

The reason animals need a continuous supply of oxygen is to

Back 2

obtain energy from their food

Front 3

A waste product of respiration is

Back 3

carbon dioxide

Front 4

Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must

Back 4

have a high ratio of body surface area to volume

Front 5

Respiratory surfaces are all _____.

Back 5

moist

Front 6

In humans, incoming air is filtered, warmed, and humidified in the _____

Back 6

nasal cavity

Front 7

Your breathing rate increases as, in your blood, your _____, which causes a _____ in pH.

Back 7

carbon dioxide levels increase … drop

Front 8

As we breathe in, oxygen diffuses across the alveolus and into the blood plasma. What happens next?

Back 8

It passes into red blood cells, where eventually it can be used in cellular respiration.

Front 9

Evolutionary movement of aquatic animals to land involved an intermediate individual that

Back 9

had both gills and lungs

Front 10

Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods, which later evolved into

Back 10

amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

Front 11

Which of the following animals requires the largest and most complex lungs proportional to its overall body size?

Back 11

bear

Front 12

The ________ is a passageway shared by both food and air.

Back 12

pharynx

Front 13

Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across

Back 13

alveoli.

Front 14

What name is given to the sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs?

Back 14

diaphragm

Front 15

Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavities in humans?

Back 15

warms inhaled air

Front 16

Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?

Back 16

alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx

Front 17

The primary functional unit for gas exchange in the human lung is a(n) _____.

Back 17

alveolus

Front 18

Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke cause cancer due to the

Back 18

toxins in the smoke.

Front 19

The worst thing you can do to your lungs is _____.

Back 19

smoke

Front 20

Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers?

Back 20

Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs, and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs.

Front 21

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

Back 21

rising carbon dioxide concentration

Front 22

Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because

Back 22

it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure.

Front 23

In a mammal, blood leaving the lungs goes to

Back 23

the heart

Front 24

In the alveoli and lung capillaries, CO2 and O2 are exchanged by means of _____.

Back 24

diffusion

Front 25

Most CO2 is transported to the lungs

Back 25

as bicarbonate ions.

Front 26

The oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells is

Back 26

hemoglobin

Front 27

Oxygen is mostly transported through the body

Back 27

bound to hemoglobin

Front 28

Voice sounds are produced by the _____.

Back 28

larynx

Front 29

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.

Back 29

nasal cavity

Front 30

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.

Back 30

as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -)

Front 31

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too ____

Back 31

acidic

Front 32

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.

Back 32

combined with hemoglobin

Front 33

Breathing is the _____.

Back 33

exchange of gases in the lungs