Chapter 23

Front 1

Which of the following best describes an artery?

Back 1

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Front 2

The function of the pulmonary circuit is to _____.

Back 2

carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs

Front 3

Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers?

Back 3

salmon

Front 4

Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart?

Back 4

snake

Front 5

Which of the following is a likely advantage of a three-chambered heart?

Back 5

the ability to divert deoxygenated blood away from the lungs when diving underwater

Front 6

The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are

Back 6

opened and closed

Front 7

Stem cell research may eventually result in a cure for blood cell diseases, such as

Back 7

leukemia.

Front 8

Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four-chambered heart. This is the result of

Back 8

nature selecting adaptations of two unrelated individuals in response to similar environmental challenges.

(convergent evolution)

Front 9

From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the

Back 9

aorta

Front 10

Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the

Back 10

right ventricle

Front 11

Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the

Back 11

pulmonary arteries (only artery that carries oxygen poor blood)

Front 12

In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart?

Back 12

pulmonary vein (only vein that carries oxygenated rich blood)

Front 13

In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium.

Back 13

superior vena cava

Front 14

Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false?

Back 14

The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs

Front 15

During ventricular systole, the ________ valves ________.

Back 15

AV . . . close
semilunar . . . open

Front 16

During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, _____.

Back 16

the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed

Front 17

The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the _____.

Back 17

right atrium, causing atrial contraction

Front 18

What is the function of the AV node?

Back 18

The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles.

Front 19

What is meant be the term stroke?

Back 19

the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head

Front 20

_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Back 20

heart attack

Front 21

Atherosclerosis is _____.

Back 21

the accumulation of plaques or cholesterol along the inner walls of arteries, causing a narrowing of the blood vessels

Front 22

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

Back 22

capillaries

Front 23

In humans, which blood vessels have valves?

Back 23

veins

Front 24

Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity?

Back 24

capillary

Front 25

Blood pressure is greatest in the _____.

Back 25

aorta

Front 26

At any given time, what percentage of the body's capillaries have blood flowing through them?

Back 26

5- 10 %

Front 27

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of

Back 27

a red blood cell

Front 28

What process are leukocytes involved in?

Back 28

fighting infections

Front 29

Which of these transport oxygen?

Back 29

red blood cells

Front 30

At maturity, _____ lack nuclei.

Back 30

erythrocytes

Front 31

The liquid part of blood is called

Back 31

plasma

Front 32

Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume?

Back 32

45%

Front 33

Which of these statements about erythrocytes is true?

Back 33

Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks

Front 34

Which artery supplies the frog's head with oxygenated blood?

Back 34

Carotid arch

Front 35

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left side of the ventricle?

Back 35

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit.

Front 36

True or false. In frogs, blood flows through the pulmocutaneous circuit between the heart and the lungs and skin and through the systemic circuit between the heart and the rest of the body.

Back 36

true

Front 37

Which of the following statements best describes "deoxygenated" blood?

Back 37

It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.

Front 38

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in fish is true?

Back 38

Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time.

Front 39

True or false. At the systemic capillary beds in fish, oxygen is released to the cells, which pass carbon dioxide to the blood; this carbon dioxide will eventually be released from the fish at the gill capillary bed.

Back 39

true

Front 40

Arteries carry blood ___

Back 40

away from the heart only

Front 41

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

Back 41

pulmonary veins

Front 42

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

Back 42

left atrium

Front 43

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____

Back 43

right atrium

Front 44

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

Back 44

posterior vena cava

Front 45

Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____.

Back 45

capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

Front 46

he _____ has(have) the thinnest walls.

Back 46

capillaries

Front 47

Blood pressure is highest in the _____.

Back 47

aorta

Front 48

Most gas exchange with blood vessels occurs across the walls of the what structure

Back 48

the alveoli
(e)

Front 49

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

Back 49

pulmonary veins

Front 50

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

Back 50

left atrium

Front 51

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

Back 51

right atrium

Front 52

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

Back 52

posterior vena cava

Front 53

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left ventricle?

Back 53

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.

Front 54

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in humans is true?

Back 54

Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

Front 55

True or false. The circulatory system of humans is composed of two loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body.

Back 55

false

Front 56

Many poor, starving college students get paid to donate plasma. Which of the following substances is not donated when the plasma is removed?

Back 56

white blood cells

Front 57

Which statement is correct concerning blood?

Back 57

the pH of blood is slightly basic