Chapter 23: Orthomyxoviridae And Paramyxoviridae

Front 1

Generally describe the orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses?

Back 1

Ortho - think ordinary flu: the influenza viruses
Para - think parade of distinctly different diseases: parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV

Front 2

Describe the glycoprotein spikes on orthomyxoviruses and their role in viral infection?

Back 2

Neuraminidase Activity (NA)which cleaves the cell mucin barrier, while Hemagglutinin Activity (HA) fuses to the sialic acid residues, enabling viral adsorption and penetration.

Front 3

What causes the epidemics and pandemics of flu?

Back 3

Antigenic drift (small changes in all influenza types) and shift (large changes in type A do to interspecies genetic transfer

Front 4

Describe the complications of influenza?

Back 4

1. Elderly and immunocompromised can have more serious illness, as virus spreads to cause pneumonia
2. Lowering of the host defenses against many bacteria
3. Children given aspirin can develop Reye's Syndrome

Front 5

What is Reye's Syndrome?

Back 5

Severe liver and brain disease that can develop if a chid with influenza or varicella is given aspirin for the treatment of fever.

Front 6

What are some treatment choices for influenza? How do they work?

Back 6

Amantadine and rimantidine - prevent the uncoating of influenza A

Front 7

List the principles that apply to the paramyxoviruses?

Back 7

1. All adsorb to and replicate in the upper respiratory tract
2. Most infections occur in children
3. Viremia can lead to complications

Front 8

Describe the clinical manifestations of parainfluenza virus infection?

Back 8

Cold symptoms to bronchitis and flu-like illness. Children, elderly, and the immunocompromised can also have pneumonia. Children can have croup.

Front 9

What is the number one cause of pneumonia in young children, particularly infants?

Back 9

Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Front 10

What organs are most often involved in mumps infection?

Back 10

"I got bumps caused by mumps!" - parotitis, orchitis (testes)

Front 11

Describe measles prodrome?

Back 11

Conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, photophobia, high fevers, hacking cough, rhinitis, and malaise.

Front 12

What are Koplik's spots?

Back 12

Small red-based lesions with blue-white centers in the mouth that appear a day or two before a measles rash.

Front 13

Describe measles prodrome?

Back 13

Conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, photophobia, high fevers, hacking cough, rhinitis, and malaise.

Front 14

Describe measles prodrome?

Back 14

Conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, photophobia, high fevers, hacking cough, rhinitis, and malaise.

Front 15

Describe the progression and resolution of measles rash?

Back 15

Think of the paint can picture - progresses head to toe, resolves in same direction.

Front 16

What are Koplik's spots?

Back 16

Small red-based lesions with blue-white centers in the mouth that appear a day or two before a measles rash.

Front 17

What are Koplik's spots?

Back 17

Small red-based lesions with blue-white centers in the mouth that appear a day or two before a measles rash.

Front 18

Describe the progression and resolution of measles rash?

Back 18

Think of the paint can picture - progresses head to toe, resolves in same direction.

Front 19

What is the most feared complication of measles?

Back 19

Encephalitis

Front 20

Describe the progression and resolution of measles rash?

Back 20

Think of the paint can picture - progresses head to toe, resolves in same direction.

Front 21

What is the most feared complication of measles?

Back 21

Encephalitis

Front 22

What is the most feared complication of measles?

Back 22

Encephalitis