Chapter 16 Social Psychology

Front 1

Social psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Front 2

attribution theory

Back 2

suggests how we explain someone's behavior, we either attribute it to the person's disposition or to the situation

Front 3

dispositional attribution

Back 3

behavior caused by factors internal to the person

Front 4

situational attribution

Back 4

behavior caused by external factors

Front 5

Fundamental attribution error

Back 5

tendency to overestimate internal factors and to underestimate situational factors in explaining behavior

Front 6

Actor-Observer effect

Back 6

tendency for the actor (person forming a behavior) to attribute the behavior to the situation and for the observer (the person watching the actor behave) to attribute the same behavior to the actor's disposition

Front 7

Comformity

Back 7

adjusting one's behavior of thinking toward the group standard

Front 8

Solomon Asch (1955)

Back 8

subjects judge lengths of lines, shown cards with different line lengths, match two lines with same length, 5 subjects asked to answer out loud, first two trials all agreed, third trial first 4 subjects answer incorrectly, 5th subject unsure how to answer, gave wrong answer 35% of the time

Front 9

normative social influence

Back 9

desire to gain social approval and avoid social disapproval, our sensitivity to social norms-rules for accepted and expected behavior,

Front 10

informational social influence

Back 10

when we're not sure how to act, we look to other people, they are sources of information regarding how to behave, we assume they know what they're doing, and we welcome the information

Front 11

Stanley Milgram

Back 11

"learner" and "teacher", teacher reads pairs of words that the learner has to memorize, when learner made mistake, teacher administer punishment with shock, learner sat in different room, began yelling, begging, pounding, kicking, experimented urged the teacher to continue

Front 12

Factors that influence attraction

Back 12

proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity

Front 13

proximity

Back 13

how close we are to another person geographically

Front 14

mere exposure effect

Back 14

repeated exposure to novel stimuli tends to increase our liking for them

Front 15

Moreland and Beach (1992)

Back 15

four equally attractive women, women silently attended for different amount of class sessions, at end, students shown slides of women, Results: the women they had seen the most often were rated most attractive and likable

Front 16

Mita, Dermer, and Knight (1997)

Back 16

faces are not perfectly symmetrical, our friends see a different face than we do, researcher photographed women and showed pictures to their friends, some pictures were normal and some were reverse images, women preferred mirror images, each liked best the face they had seen the most

Front 17

altruism

Back 17

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Front 18

kitty genovese

Back 18

repeatedly stabbed and raped while calling for help, 38 neighbors heard her, but no one helped, whether or not we help others is largely dependent on the presence of others

Front 19

bystander effect

Back 19

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present