Chapter 14.1 Key Terms

Front 1

anal stage

Back 1

Beginning at age 2, the stage at which children get psychosexual pleasure from the sensations of bowel movements.

Front 2

archetypes

Back 2

vague images that we inherited from the experiences of out ancestors.

Front 3

catharsis

Back 3

a release of pent-up emotional tension

Front 4

collective unconscious

Back 4

the cumulative experience of preceding generations

Front 5

conditional positive regard

Back 5

conditional acceptance of another person

Front 6

defense mechanism

Back 6

The ways the ego defends itself against conflicts and anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious,

Front 7

denial

Back 7

The refusal to believe information that provokes anxiety.

Front 8

displacement

Back 8

Diverting a behavior or thought away from its natural target toward a less threatening target.

Front 9

ego

Back 9

The rational, decision-making aspect of the personality.

Front 10

fixation

Back 10

a stage at which a person continues to be preoccupied wit h the pleasure are associated with that stage.

Front 11

gender role

Back 11

the pattern of behavior that a person is expected to follow because of being male or female.

Front 12

genital stage

Back 12

Stage beginning at puberty when children take a strong sexual interest in other people.

Front 13

humanistic psychology

Back 13

the study of consciousness, values and abstract beliefs, including spiritual experiences and the beliefs that people live and die for.

Front 14

id

Back 14

According to Freud, all of our biological drives, such as sex and hunger, that demand immediate gratification.

Front 15

ideal self

Back 15

the image of what one owuld like to be

Front 16

individual psychology

Back 16

indivisible psychology, a psychology of the person as a whole rather than a psychology of parts such as id, superego and ego.

Front 17

inferiority complex

Back 17

an exaggerated feeling of weakness, inadequacy and helplessness.

Front 18

latent period

Back 18

Age 5 ot 6 to adolescence, when children suppress their psychosexual interest (and play mostly with peers)

Front 19

libido

Back 19

psychosexual energy

Front 20

neo-Freudians

Back 20

Psycho9logists who have remained faithful to parts of Freud's theory while modifying other parts. (such as Karen Honey)

Front 21

Oedipus complex

Back 21

s stage of every boy when he develops a sexual interest in his mother and competitive aggression toward his father.

Front 22

oral stage

Back 22

Stage from Birth to age 2 when the infant derives intense psychosexual pleasure from stimulation of the mouth, particularly while sucking at the mother's breast.

Front 23

personality

Back 23

all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations (does not include differences in learning, memory, sensation or muscle control)

Front 24

phallic stage

Back 24

Stage beginning at age 3 when children begin to play with their genitals.

Front 25

projection

Back 25

The attribution of one's own undesirable characteristics to other people.

Front 26

psychoanalysis

Back 26

Freud's method of explaining and dealing with personality, based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces.

Front 27

psychodynamic theory

Back 27

theory that relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual, including conscious ones

Front 28

psychosexual pleasure

Back 28

all strong, pleasant excitement arising from body stimulation

Front 29

rationalization

Back 29

An attempt to prove that one's actions are rational and justifiable and thus worthy of approval.

Front 30

reaction formation

Back 30

Presenting oneself as the opposite of what one really is to hide the unpleasant truth from oneself or others.

Front 31

regression

Back 31

A return to more immature level of functioning

Front 32

repression

Back 32

motivated forgetting (rejecting unacceptable thoughts, desires, and memories and banishing them to the unconscious)

Front 33

self-actualization

Back 33

the achievement of one's full potential.

Front 34

self-concept

Back 34

an image of what people really are

Front 35

social interest

Back 35

a sense of solidarity and identification with other people.

Front 36

striving for superiority

Back 36

a desire to seek personal excellence and fulfillment.

Front 37

style of life

Back 37

master plan for achieving a sense of superiority.

Front 38

sublimation

Back 38

The transformation of sexual or aggressive energies into culturally acceptable, even admirable behaviors.

Front 39

superego

Back 39

According to Freud, the memory of rules and prohibitions we learned from our parents and the rest of society.

Front 40

unconditional positive regard

Back 40

complete unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is

Front 41

unconscious

Back 41

the repository of memories, emotions and thoughts, many of them illogical, that affect our behavior even though we cannot talk about them.