Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist is recognized for developing the theories and concepts of psychoanalysis. His training is perceived to be according to the traditional and dominant paradigm. Freud is better known as the “Father of Psychoanalysis” and his psychoanalytic theories among other notions were some of the most influential academic concepts of the 20th century ones that are still studied in the social work curriculum today. Freud developed techniques of free association and dream interpretation to trace and intervene in unconscious conflicts of the enclosed messages behind the dreams and fantasies of patients which was then used to interpret and help patients work through childhood experiences in the efforts to resolve the presenting
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In terms of drive theory, Freud emphasis on the concept of libido and aggression, Zepf (2010) referred to the libido as it “relates to manifestations of bodily sexual tensions, and subsequently this term applies to the manifestations of sexual energy in the psychic field” (p.5). Freud’s conceptualization of the psychosexual stages of development is expressed through five main stages. The oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages of sexuality from birth to adulthood according to Freud emphasizes human development throughout these stages. Ellis (2008) stated “In the early stages of development, the child’s libidinal energy is focused on infantile objects. The individual can become fixated or regressed if any of the earlier developmental stages is marked by either overindulgence or trauma” (p.111). Another concept that embraces sexuality is the Oedipal and Electra complex which envy is demonstrated towards the same …show more content…
Gilligan presented a more alternative approach on human development with her focal group being girls and women. Her work consisted on focusing on girls and later women to break a research bias in which boys were only interviewed. This is supported by Gilligan in her book In a Different Voice “when women do not conform to a standard based on men’s interpretation of research data the conclusion all too often is that there is something wrong with women not the standard” (Gilligan, 1982, p. 170). Her aim was to include the perspectives, experiences, and views of females. In her early studies she worked with young girls in their developing personalities. Throughout her works Gilligan developed three main concepts for women which are identity formation, moral development and the ethic care. In terms of women and identity development Gilligan’s focuses on women’s identity and moral development encompassed adolescence and adulthood. She reflected on the differences of developmental experiences of males and females. For girls personality is developed by the age of three years old and the identity is formed through the relationship with the female caretaker. Crozier (1999) stated the women in Gilligan’s research “developed a sense of their identity through relationships defining themselves using relational terms such as giving”, “helping”,
In terms of drive theory, Freud emphasis on the concept of libido and aggression, Zepf (2010) referred to the libido as it “relates to manifestations of bodily sexual tensions, and subsequently this term applies to the manifestations of sexual energy in the psychic field” (p.5). Freud’s conceptualization of the psychosexual stages of development is expressed through five main stages. The oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages of sexuality from birth to adulthood according to Freud emphasizes human development throughout these stages. Ellis (2008) stated “In the early stages of development, the child’s libidinal energy is focused on infantile objects. The individual can become fixated or regressed if any of the earlier developmental stages is marked by either overindulgence or trauma” (p.111). Another concept that embraces sexuality is the Oedipal and Electra complex which envy is demonstrated towards the same …show more content…
Gilligan presented a more alternative approach on human development with her focal group being girls and women. Her work consisted on focusing on girls and later women to break a research bias in which boys were only interviewed. This is supported by Gilligan in her book In a Different Voice “when women do not conform to a standard based on men’s interpretation of research data the conclusion all too often is that there is something wrong with women not the standard” (Gilligan, 1982, p. 170). Her aim was to include the perspectives, experiences, and views of females. In her early studies she worked with young girls in their developing personalities. Throughout her works Gilligan developed three main concepts for women which are identity formation, moral development and the ethic care. In terms of women and identity development Gilligan’s focuses on women’s identity and moral development encompassed adolescence and adulthood. She reflected on the differences of developmental experiences of males and females. For girls personality is developed by the age of three years old and the identity is formed through the relationship with the female caretaker. Crozier (1999) stated the women in Gilligan’s research “developed a sense of their identity through relationships defining themselves using relational terms such as giving”, “helping”,