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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANDREW JACKSON |
• 7th President: 1st VP=Calhoun, 2nd=Van Buren • Known as General @ Battle of New Orleans • Led Democratic Party • "Believe in the Common Man" • opposed the Bank of America as well as right of individual states to nullify fed laws • increased the executive powers • Spoils System • Indian Removal Act • Gag Act • Jeffersonian • hotheaded/stubborn * Helped America "win" War of 1812. He also reduced voting restrictions and increased presidential power. BUT he demolished 2BoUS and kicked out Indians. His actions led to the Panic of 1837
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JOHN C. CALHOUN |
• Jackson's 1st VP • Warhawk • States Rights • South Carolina had the right to nullify Tariff of Abominations • author =The Exposition: tariff= unconstitutional • enemy of Jackson * With Clay and Webster, they formed the Whig Party. A leading voice for southern states' rights.
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HENRY CLAY |
• War Hawk Wo1812; Whig; Demo-Rep • Sec of State under JQA • Responsible for Missouri Compromise (1820) • Against Jackson • American System--2BoUS slays • ~responsible for the "corrupt bargain" of 1824 • Made Compromise Tariff of 1833 * Supported the economy after the war, w/ tariffs to protect industry from international competition, a national bank, and internal improvements to promote canals, ports and railroads |
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MATRIN VAN BUREN |
• Jackson's Secretary of State • Dem-Rep • When Banks would lend credit to buy homes but couldnt get paid back *presidency consisted of rising through depression. Strengthened rel'ship w' GB. Creation of indep treasury system-- govt holds revenues instead of banks |
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JOHN QUINCY ADAMS |
• 6th Prez (1825-29) • Fed.,Dem-Rep, Nat'l Repub, Anti-Masonic, Whig • Famous for involvement in the Treaty of Ghent, Monroe Doctrine and annexation of FL * wanted, but DIDNT ACCOMPLISH better edu. and econ, lower nat'l debt
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NICHOLAS BIDDLE |
• Prez of 2BoUS • Biddle vs Jackson in terms of bank *Had a very large power over financial affairs of US and fought to preserve the Bank in which Jackson destroyed |
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STEPHEN AUSTIN |
• Original settler of Texas in the 1820s • Granted land from Mexico as long as they had NO slaves, convert to R. Catholic religion and learned how to speak Spanish • Austin, TX named after him * Brought the first Americans to Texas legally |
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BLACK HAWK |
• 1767-1838 • Chief of Sauk who led Sauk and Fox vs. American Settlers in IL • 1832 Black Hawk War • tried to reclaim territory lost from 1830 Indian Removal Act (unsuccessful) • Surrendered to Joseph Street * Part of Indian resistance against U.S' nasty removal programs, as well as key figure in Natives vs. colonizers tension.
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SPOILS SYSTEM |
• Policy of rewarding political supporters w/ public office after winning • 1st widespread @ fed level by Andrew Jackson to keep policies in action • abused; many times inept ppl in office *helped cement party loyalty in the emerging two-party system, although demonstrated govt corruption. |
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DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS |
• in the Quincy Adams's presidency • Evolved from AntiFeds • Led by Jeff (notable ppl: Madison, Monroe) • States rights, strict interpretation of Constit., agri econ, pro french, anti Nat'l bank • Dominated the scene after death of feds ( era of good feels) * Led to creation of 2nd poliparty=>democrats
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ANTI-MASONIC PARTY |
• First 3rd party--opposed free-masonry • 1828-1838 Anti Jackson • during Jackson vs JQA • est in NY-- in N. England • 1832 William Wirt Amos Ellmaker candidate for Pres • support from evangelical protestants • secret society * Led to development of Whigs and introduced nominating conventions |
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TARIFF OF 1832 |
• Meant to appease Southerners criticism of Tariff of 1828/abomination • lowered protective tariff, SC still angry • SC= nullify tariff b/c unfair to their econ • Jackson=mad>Force Act-- fed govt can use militia to get taxes * ANOTHER problem b/t state and fed
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TARIFF OF 1833 |
• trying to resolve nullification crisis, prevent war • provided that tariffs be lowered gradually> over a period of ten years, to 1816 levels. • SC=okay now * Temporarily solved conflicts to stop a war. Fed gov't has last say. |
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TRAIL OF TEARS |
• 1838-39 • conclusion of I. Removal Act • jackson wanted to move the indians so the white men could expand westward • Out of 16000 Cherokees, 25% died from the cold, disease and malnutrition • 800 mi in 116 days>NC &GA thru TN, KY, IL, MI, & AK • Disregarded S. Court ruling that removal of people=illegal *The length that Americans would go to for Manifest Destiny allowed to violation of Native's liberties, and to force them to tiny reserves, taking away their vast land that belongs to them. All of this was under Jackson |
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SEMINOLE INDIANS |
• N. Americans in FL • Seminole Wars (Seminole vs Amer) 1835-1842 • 1837-- Osceola (leader) was seized by Amer Military through a fake truce • 1500 Amer soldiers killed • Seminoles fled to Oklahoma, but some stayed hidden in everglades * A part in the Indian resistance against removal programs. |
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WHIG PARTY |
• 1833-1860, led by Clay, succeeded the Nat'l-Repub • Prez=Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, Fillmore • Opponents of Jackson's Dem-Rep • Conservatives, but progressive • Supported industy N, planters S, and Merchants everywhere. Pro bank, tariffs, American System and pub schools • ELECTION OF 1836--lost to Van Buren • "" OF 1840--won w/ Harrison * The feud between Democrats and Whigs led to the formation of the Two-Party System in America. |
