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24 Cards in this Set
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Dorothea Dix |
• Social reformer/pioneer 1820s *movement to treat the insane as mentally ill *improved conditions in jails, poorhouses & insane asylums throughout the U.S/Canada. *succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. • served as the Superintendent of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. • argued insanity was a disease of the mind and not a willful act • convicts can better themselves while behind bars *Separated criminals from insane, demonstrated power of investigative reports |
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Washington Irving |
• American Author-- Rip Van Winkle, Sleepy Hollows • Trademark humor * First to write w/out practical purposes, wrote for pleasure. First American author to be recognized abroad |
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Lucretia Mott |
• Social reformer • Quaker, Feminist, Abolitionist, Prohibitionist • Supported Underground Railroad • w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, est Organized Women's Rights Movement in the US. • principal organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. *Pioneer in the Womens Rights Movement |
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Elizabeth Blackwell |
• First woman to receive a med degree in the U.S. • Pursued an occupation that at the time only men were allowed to do * challenging the taboo of professional women. She proved that women are able to do what men can. Inspired many other women and girls. |
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Horace Mann |
• Father of Public Education. • pushed for free compulsory education and education that strayed from just "dead languages" to more "hands-on" education • elected to U.S. House of Rep. • better schools, longer school terms (4 months to 1 year), higher teachers salary, expanded curriculum, and enforced attendance * Set the earliest standard for education, beneficial to lower class. Gave the country the ability to make itself smarter, enabling the future technological advancements.
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Peter Cartwright |
• RELIGION • Methodist preacher who went to the West/frontier and called sinners to repent, converted many. • Famous for powerful speeches and fights w/ those who would disrupt them *Contributed to 2nd Great Awakening |
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Noah Webster |
*The Webster Dictionary educated millions of children and gave America a patriotic feeling/ People still use these dictionaries today and it helps education. Devoted 20 years of his life to create the webster dictionary, pub. in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language |
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
• SOCIAL: women • Organizer in the Seneca Falls Convention. • wrote the Declaration of Sentiments • advocated for women's rights (suffrage, property rights. access to any occupation) • very radical at the time • supported abolitionism * Later waves of feminism inspired by her, eventually did come to some success. She drafted the Constitution of women, and she fought for the rights of women, both white and black (intersectional to some degree) |
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Edgar Allan Poe |
• Transcendentalist • life of tragedy, poverty and alcoholism • inventing the "psychological thriller." • poems/stories often dealt w/ the ghostly and the macabre. • "The Raven," "The Fall of the House of Usher," * Influenced artists, even today. Work valued overseas in Europe & a staple in horror scene |
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Susan B. Anthony |
• social reformer • Quaker abolitionist • helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association, went to Seneca Falls • Many people didnt like her • 1872: arrested and fined for voting *campaigned for womens rights, the temperance |
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Henry David Thoreau |
• SELF RELIANCE • Tired of "modern" society,=>spent two years living in the woods. Then he wrote the Walden: Or Life in the Woods describing his simple life there. • condemned gov't for supporting slavery • wrote On the Duty of Civil Disobedience-- emphasized peacefully not following unjust laws. * This became a strong influence later on Mahatma Gandhi and then Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. |
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Charles G. Finney |
• RELIGION • revival preachers • massive revivals in Rochester and NYC in 1830 and 1831 for people who have sinned • Created “Anxious Bench”, where terrible sinners could be watched • condemned slavery and alcohol • allowed women to pray aloud * central figure in the religious revival movement
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Gilbert Stuart |
• painted many portraits of George Washington. • done in a "European style." distinct American flavor=come later. * Showcased Washington's admired strength through his paintings. Most successful portraitist of America's early national period |
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Walt Whitman |
• American poet and transcendentalist • helped transition transcendentalism into realism w/ his writing • famous for his beliefs on nature, in his book, Leaves of Grass. • He also celebrated the greatness of America. *important part for the buildup of Amer lit and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry. Many people turned transc.
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American Temperance Society |
• 1826, Boston • Protestant ministers concerned w/ high rate of alcohol consumption & the effects of excessive drinking • wanted people to completely abstain. • discussed its effects on the wellbeing of society and themselves. * Gave power to temperance movement |
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Shakers |
• Utopian group--believed in both Jesus and a mystic named Ann Lee. • splintered from the Quakers, believed that they and all other churches had grown too interested in this world and neglectful of their afterlives. • prohibited marriage and sexual relationships. • emphasized simple, communal living • celibate and could only increase their numbers through recruitment and conversion=> ceased to exist. *Wanted equality of males and females, influenced the expansion of the west by spreading ideas and influencing music, dance, and culture w/ their religious worship ceremonies.
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Unitarianism |
• Believed God existed in 1 person ("uni"), but not in the Holy Trinity. • Rejected the divinity of Christ. • Believed people were good at heart, not born under "original sin." • Believed people were saved through "good works", not thru faith in Christ. • Attracted intellectuals * drew followers even farther away from Christianity. Led to the Second Great Awakening. |
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Second Great Awakening |
• Christian revival movement. Began in 1800s, peaked @ 1830s • EVERYONE, regardless of class, was affected by it • Missionaries went westward to Christianize N. Americans • Methodists and Baptists shone * Spawned other movements: prison reforms, temperance, public edu, women's suffrage & abolition of slavery
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Hudson River School |
• American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes. • heroic, mythic style • American landscapes as beautiful and brooding * Fueled the desire for westward expansion and the importance of discovery by inspiring people with scenic art. |
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Women's Right Convention |
• Seneca Falls, NY 1848 • 300 men and women • First meeting for womens rights • Declaration of Sentiments--"all men, and women are =" • demanded female suffrage * Set the stage for a furthering of women's social, political and civil rights. |
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Declaration of Sentiments |
• @ Seneca 100/300 attendees signed. 68 women, 32 men • author=> Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Drafted at the expense for the woman's more appropriate duties * The women's rights movement was born
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Transcendentalism |
• 1830s • New England intellectual movement that began to challenge ways of thinking. • knowledge rises above (transcends) just the senses. • People were thought to reach an inner light and touch the "Oversoul" (something akin to God). • foreign influences • Thoreau and Emerson * Inspired influential people like Thoreau who took the ideas to another level |
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Oneida Community |
• radical est. by John Humphrey Noyes 1848 • free love, birth control, eugenic selection of parents • Jesus has returned to live in a utopian society w/o sin • Though started as a communistic-style project=>capitalism saved it. Sold baskets for profit. => sold flatware and cutlery (today, the Oneida company is still a huge seller of forks, spoons, and knives). * Freedom of religion and consequences of false utopias |
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Mormons |
• Church established by John Smith in 1830. • emphasized moderation, salvation, and hard work. • strict law of chastity *Their forced migration to Utah strengthened U.S' claim on western territories. Just b/c you have religious freedom doesnt mean you are protected by the law |
