Chapter 11&12 Test

Front 1

portion of the brain that initiates all motor movements

Back 1

cerebrum;frontal lobe;precentral gyrus

Front 2

portion of the brain that coordinates all motor movements so they are all smooth

Back 2

cerebellum

Front 3

Part of the brain that interprets general sensory info such as touch

Back 3

cerebrum;partietal lobe;postcentral gyrus

Front 4

regulates body temperature

Back 4

hypothalamus

Front 5

How many ventricles are there in the brain?

Back 5

4

Front 6

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum?

Back 6

5

Front 7

What is the name of the lobe you cannot see

Back 7

insula

Front 8

parts of the brain stem from superior to inferior

Back 8

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Front 9

Part of the brain that acts as a switchboard

Back 9

thalamus

Front 10

portion of the brain that consists of two hemishephers, each has 3 lobes and is connected by a vermis

Back 10

cerebellum

Front 11

gives rise to the cerebellum

Back 11

mesencephalon

Front 12

afferent information goes through

Back 12

sensory neuron

Front 13

parts of the brain that controls breathing

Back 13

pon and medulla oblongata

Front 14

part of the nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord

Back 14

central nervous system

Front 15

this disease is treated by using anti convulsive drugs, vagus nerve stimulators or surgery to severe the corpus callosum

Back 15

epilepsy

Front 16

Brain waves seen when a teacher is teaching or you are taking an exam

Back 16

beta

Front 17

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Back 17

corpus callosum (which is a commissure)

Front 18

lobe responsible for interpretation of smell

Back 18

temporal

Front 19

this portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland

Back 19

hypothalamus

Front 20

part of the brain that regulates emotions

Back 20

limbic system

Front 21

part of the brain that keeps you conscious and alert. It also filters out repetitive, non-harmful stimulus

Back 21

reticular activating system

Front 22

This travels from dendrites to axons

Back 22

graded potential

Front 23

Separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe and frontal lobes

Back 23

partieto-occipital sulcus

Front 24

alertness, lethargy are

Back 24

levels of consciousness

Front 25

This is where the pineal gland is located

Back 25

diencephalon

Front 26

This separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Back 26

transverse fissure

Front 27

This cell forms the myelin sheath in the PNS

Back 27

schwann cells

Front 28

This part of the neuron sends signals

Back 28

axon

Front 29

Collection of nerve cell bodies (somas) in the CNS are called?

Back 29

nuclei

Front 30

Unmyelinated somas in the CNS would be

Back 30

gray matter

Front 31

collections of nerve cell bodies (somas) in the PNS

Back 31

ganglia

Front 32

collection of nerve cell axons in the CNS are called

Back 32

TRACTS

Front 33

Collections of the nerve cells axons in the PNS are called

Back 33

nerves

Front 34

The minimal amount of depolarization needed to produce an action potential

Back 34

threshold

Front 35

If a signal causes slight depolarization of a nerve cell it

Back 35

it makes the membrane more negative; it is inhibitory

Front 36

inhibitory and/or excitatory signals from MULTIPLE sources are added together to determine whether a neuron should send an action potential explains

Back 36

spatial summation

Front 37

multiple inhibitory and/or excitatory signals from a SINGLE source are added together to determine whether a neuron should send an action potential explains

Back 37

temporal summation

Front 38

This type of neuron is found completely within the CNS

Back 38

interneuron

Front 39

Most abunadant neuroglial cell

Back 39

astrocyte

Front 40

This neuroglial cells anchors neurons to capillaries

Back 40

astrocytes

Front 41

neuroglial cell that protect the CNS by phagocytosis of microorganisms (eating)

Back 41

microglia

Front 42

Neuroglia that circulates CSF

Back 42

ependymal cells

Front 43

This lobe interprets visual information

Back 43

occipital

Front 44

Area of the brain that interprets taste

Back 44

insula;gustatory cortex

Front 45

Where is the gustatory cortex

Back 45

It consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Front 46

When is oxygen usage the highest

Back 46

during REM

Front 47

individuals who fall asleep without notice going into REM from the awake state have a condition called

Back 47

narcolepsy

Front 48

commisures, association fibers, projection fibers are all

Back 48

white matter in the cerebrum

Front 49

Which neuron would provide the slowest nerve response

Back 49

fiber with small diameter and no myelination

Front 50

which would provide the fastest nerve response

Back 50

fiber with a large diameter and myelinated

Front 51

the purpose of the myelin sheath is

Back 51

to speed up a signal

Front 52

The term salutary motion refers to

Back 52

jumping of an action potential

Front 53

The jumping of an action potential is said to be what type of motion

Back 53

saltatory motion

Front 54

autoimmune disease that destroys that myelin sheath of neurons

Back 54

multiple schlerosis

Front 55

Branch of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle

Back 55

somatic nervous system

Front 56

Fight or flight is part of the

Back 56

PNS-sympathetic division

Front 57

rest and digest is part of the

Back 57

PNS-parasympathetic divsion

Front 58

How many neurons are involved in carrying a signal that starts in the brain to a skeletal muscle

Back 58

2

Front 59

Portion of the brain that deals with developing habits

Back 59

hippocampus

Front 60

The area of the brain where sensory and motor neurons cross so the right side controls the left and vice versa

Back 60

medulla oblongata

Front 61

receives information from the cerebrum

receives information from the muscles and joints

sends information to the cerebrum

Back 61

cerebellum

Front 62

Tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures are symptoms of this condition

Back 62

epilepsy

Front 63

Brain waves you will see when you are relaxed and maybe hanging out at study group

Back 63

alpha

Front 64

which layer of the brain covering has 2 layers

Back 64

dura mater

Front 65

This structure is a commissure that connects gray areas of the two hemispheres

Back 65

corpus callosum

Front 66

These connect the brain stem to the cerebellum. There are 3

Back 66

peduncles

Front 67

These brain waves are seen in alert children up to age 3. They can indicate drowsiness, daydreaming, and 1st stage of sleep. They are NOT seen in awake adults.

Back 67

theta

Front 68

These brain waves are seen in deep sleep stages 3 and 4, they are the slowest waves and dominant in children up to a year old. They can also be seen in deep meditation

Back 68

delta

Front 69

There are ___ stages of NREM

Back 69

4

Front 70

The two stages of sleep are

Back 70

REM

and 4 stages of NREM

Front 71

Most daydreaming occurs in this stage and vital signs and oxygen usage increases during this stage

Back 71

REM

Front 72

Ventricles are lined with what type of cells?

Back 72

ependymal cells

Front 73

This gives rise to the cerebrum

Back 73

telencephalon

Front 74

This gives rise to the thalamus and hypothalamus

Back 74

diencephalon

Front 75

This gives give to this part of the brain stem: midbrain

Back 75

mesencephalon

Front 76

This gives rise to this part of the brainstem:pons

and the cerebellum

Back 76

metencephalon

Front 77

This gives rise to the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord

Back 77

myelencephalon

Front 78

This canal in the brain enlarges to form the ventricles

Back 78

central canal

Front 79

The forebrain is called

Back 79

prosencephalon

Front 80

mesencephalon is called the

Back 80

midbrain

Front 81

rhombencephalon is called the

Back 81

hindbrain

Front 82

Neuron that carries efferent information

Back 82

motor neuron

Front 83

What type of potential only travels a short distance

Back 83

graded potential

Front 84

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Back 84

central sulcus

Front 85

These receive signals on a neuron

Back 85

dendrites

Front 86

This process signals on a neuron

Back 86

soma;cell body

Front 87

These send electrical signals on a neuron

Back 87

axons

Front 88

these are chemical signals that cross synaptic clefts

Back 88

neurotransmitters

Front 89

what structure produces csf

Back 89

choroid plexus

Front 90

This disease occurs normally after the age of 50 when cells that make dopamine slowly die. Without dopamine the cells that control movement cannot send messages to msucles

Back 90

parkinsons

Front 91

This is an inherited disease where there is progressive breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain. It is most common in the 30's and 40's

Back 91

Huntingtons disease

Front 92

This is the most common form of dementia. It is progressive and the exact cause is not known. We have seen patients with this disease to have plaque and tangles in their brain

Back 92

alzheimers disease

Front 93

Branch of the nervous system that consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Back 93

autonomic nervous system

Front 94

Myelin is absent

Back 94

at the nodes of ranvier

Front 95

If a signal causes hyper polarization of the nerve cell it

Back 95

makes the membrane more negative and is inhibitory

Front 96

Repolarization of a nerve cell means it

Back 96

makes it more positive and it is excitatory

Front 97

The stalk that connects to the pituitary gland is called the

Back 97

infundibulum

Front 98

This portion of the brain regulates vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing

Back 98

medulla oblongata

Front 99

This part of the brain is responsible for putting emotional responses to odors such as skunks or poo smelling bad

Back 99

limbic system

Front 100

What times the sleep cycle

Back 100

hypothalamus

Front 101

Two stages of memory

Back 101

long term and short term

Front 102

What stage of memory has NO limit to its capacity

Back 102

long term

Front 103

The chronic inability to obtain the amount/quality of sleep needed

Back 103

insomnia

Front 104

Temporary stopping of breathing during sleep is said to be

Back 104

sleep apnea

Front 105

_____________________ permanent bruising of the brain

Back 105

contusion

Front 106

temporary alteration in function of the brain

Back 106

concussion

Front 107

swelling of the brain associated with traumatic injury

Back 107

cerebral edema

Front 108

CVA is another name for

Back 108

a stroke

Front 109

TIA's are

Back 109

mini strokes-temporary