Chapter 1 Cell Structure And Function

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

The basic unit of structure and function in living things is called a cell.

Front 2

Microscope

Back 2

An instrument that makes small objects look larger is called a microscope.

Front 3

Cell Theory

Back 3

A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things is called th cell theory.

Front 4

Organelle

Back 4

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell is called organelle.

Front 5

Cell Wall

Back 5

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms is a cell wall.

Front 6

Cell Membrane

Back 6

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell called the cell membrane.

Front 7

Nucleus

Back 7

A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities is the nucleus.

Front 8

Cytoplasm

Back 8

The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane is cytoplasm.

Front 9

Mitochondria

Back 9

Rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions called the mitochondria.

Front 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another called endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 11

Ribosome

Back 11

A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made called ribosome.

Front 12

Golgi Body

Back 12

A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell called golgi body.

Front 13

Chloroplast

Back 13

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food called chloroplast.

Front 14

Vacuole

Back 14

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area called vacuole.

Front 15

Lysosome

Back 15

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones called lysosome.

Front 16

Element

Back 16

Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances called a element .

Front 17

Compound

Back 17

Two or more elements that are chemically combined is a compound.

Front 18

Carbohydrate

Back 18

Energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is called carbohydrate.

Front 19

Protein

Back 19

Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur is protein.

Front 20

Amino Acid

Back 20

A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins called amino acids.

Front 21

Enzyme

Back 21

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing called enzyme.

Front 22

Lipid

Back 22

Energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is a lipid.

Front 23

Nucleic Acid

Back 23

Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life called nucleic acid

Front 24

DNA

Back 24

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring is called DNA.

Front 25

RNA

Back 25

Acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins is called RNA.

Front 26

Selectively Permeable

Back 26

A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot is called selectively permeable.

Front 27

Diffusion

Back 27

The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called diffusion.

Front 28

Osmosis

Back 28

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane called osmosis.

Front 29

Passive Transport

Back 29

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy is called passive transport.

Front 30

Active Transport

Back 30

The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy is called active transport.