Chapter 04.5: Validation Of The Chromosome Theory

Front 1

What is used to signify wildtype?

Back 1

The superscript +

As in X^+

Front 2

crisscross inheritance

Back 2

inheritance pattern in which males inherit a trait from their mothers, while daughters inherit the trait from their fathers

Front 3

X linked

Back 3

gene carried by the X chromosome

Front 4

hemizygous

Back 4

describes the genotype for genes present in only one copy in an otherwise diploid organism

e.g., X-linked genes in a male

Front 5

nondisjunction

Back 5

the failure of separation between chromosomes during meiosis

Front 6

deuteranopia

Back 6

red-green color blindness; X-linked

Front 7

hemophilia

Back 7

a disease in which blood fails to clot properly

Front 8

If a trait appears more in males than females, it must be

Back 8

an X-linked recessive trait

Front 9

If the trait never passes from father to son, it must be

Back 9

X-linked recessive (the son receive a Y)

Front 10

All daughters of an affected male are unaffected. It must be:

Back 10

X-linked recessive

Front 11

The trait often skips a generation as the mutation passes from grandfather through a carrier daughter to a grandson. The trait must be:

Back 11

x-linked recessive

Front 12

With the rare affected female, all her sons will be affected and all her daughters carriers. The trait must be:

Back 12

x-linked recessive

Front 13

More females than males show the trait. It must be

Back 13

X-linked dominant

Front 14

All the daughters but none of the sons of an affected male will be affected. The trait must be:

Back 14

X-linked dominant

Front 15

One-half the sons and one-half the daughters of an affected female will be affected. The trait is:

Back 15

X-linked dominant

Front 16

The trait is seen only in males. It is:

Back 16

Y-linked

Front 17

All male descendants of an affected man will exhibit the trait. It is:

Back 17

Y-linked

Front 18

Not only do females not exhibit the trait, they also cannot transmit it. The trait is:

Back 18

Y-linked

Front 19

sex-limited traits

Back 19

affect a structure or process that is found in one sex but not the other

Front 20

sex-influenced traits

Back 20

Show up in both sexes, but expression of such traits may differ between the two sexes because of hormonal differences

e.g., male pattern baldness (which is dominant in men, recessive in women)