Ch 20 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Front 1

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Back 1

❤️ the blood

❤️ the heart

❤️ blood vessels

Front 2

What is the size of your heart? (Roughly)

Back 2

Your fist

Front 3

Where is your heart located?

Back 3

The heart rests on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity

Front 4

What is the path of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulations?

Back 4

1. Right atrium (deoxygenated blood) ➡️➡️

➡️➡ ️tricuspid valve ➡️➡️

2. Right ventricle ➡️➡️

➡️➡️ pulmonary valve ➡️➡️

3. Pulmonary trunk & pulmonary arteries ➡️➡️

4. to lungs (in pulmonary capillaries, blood loses CO2 and gains O2 ➡️➡️

5. Pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) ➡️➡️

6. Left atrium ➡️➡️

➡️➡️ bicuspid valve ➡️➡️

7. Left ventricle ➡️➡️

➡️➡️ aortic valve ➡️➡️

8. Aorta & systemic arteries ➡️➡️

9. In systematic capillaries, blood loses O2 & gains CO2 ➡️➡️

10. ➡️superior vena cava➡️

➡️inferior vena cava➡️

➡️coronary sinus➡️

➡️➡️ returns to 1. And repeat

Front 5

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals w/ abnormalities of the ____ of the heart

Back 5

Valves

Front 6

What do increased potassium levels in plasma lead to?

Back 6

Decreased heart rate

Front 7

What do increased potassium levels in plasma lead to?

Back 7

Decreased heart rate

Front 8

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by what??

Back 8

Gap junctions

Front 9

Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?

Back 9

Left ventricle

Front 10

Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?

Back 10

Left ventricle

Front 11

What anatomical region extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from the first rib to the diaphragm?

Back 11

Mediastinum

Front 12

What is composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue?

Back 12

Fibrous percardium

Front 13

Before birth the foramen ovals, allows most blood entering the ____ atrium to pass into the ____ atrium.

Back 13

Right, left

Front 14

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities of the _____ of the heart

Back 14

Valves

Front 15

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing

Back 15

Semilunar valves

Front 16

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing

Back 16

Semilunar valves

Front 17

Definition: the period of time during cardiac cycle when contraction of chambers occurs and pressure within the chamber rises

Back 17

Systole

Front 18

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing

Back 18

Semilunar valves

Front 19

Definition: the period of time during cardiac cycle when contraction of chambers occurs and pressure within the chamber rises

Back 19

Systole

Front 20

Definition: is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart

Back 20

Cardiac conduction system

Front 21

Definition: a large piece of the patients own skeletal muscle is partially freed from connective tissue attachments and wrapped around the heart leaving the blood and nerve supply intact

Back 21

Cardiomyoplasty

Front 22

What is cardiac output?

Back 22

The volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute

Front 23

What is cardiac output?

Back 23

The volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute

Front 24

What is the correct list of the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of part.

Back 24

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node

2. atrioventricular (AV) node

3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his)

4. Right and left bundle branches

5. Purkinje fibers

Front 25

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

Back 25

Pericardium

Front 26

What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves?

Back 26

Pericardial fluid

Front 27

What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves?

Back 27

Pericardial fluid

Front 28

What is responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissues?

Back 28

The myocardium

Front 29

What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves?

Back 29

Pericardial fluid

Front 30

What is responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissues?

Back 30

The myocardium

Front 31

The cardiac output equation is

Back 31

The stroke volume (mL/beat) multiplied by the heart rate (beats/min)

Front 32

Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first run to the diaphragm?

Back 32

Mediastinum

Front 33

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the ...

Back 33

Pericardium

Front 34

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the ...

Back 34

Pericardium

Front 35

The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue, is called the ...

Back 35

Fibrous pericardium

Front 36

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?

Back 36

Pericardial fluid

Front 37

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?

Back 37

Pericardial fluid

Front 38

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

Back 38

Myocardium

Front 39

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ...

Back 39

Gap junctions

Front 40

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ...

Back 40

Gap junctions

Front 41

Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?

Back 41

Cardiac conduction system

Front 42

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ...

Back 42

Gap junctions

Front 43

Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?

Back 43

Cardiac conduction system

Front 44

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite a normal contraction of the heart?

Back 44

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Front 45

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the ...

Back 45

Cardiac output

Front 46

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the ...

Back 46

Cardiac output

Front 47

Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when the contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises?

Back 47

Systole

Front 48

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below?

Back 48

Semilunar valves closing

Front 49

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below?

Back 49

Semilunar valves closing

Front 50

Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?

Back 50

Increased potassium levels in plasma

Front 51

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below?

Back 51

Semilunar valves closing

Front 52

Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?

Back 52

Increased potassium levels in plasma

Front 53

Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the ____ ventricles into the _____ each minute.

Back 53

Left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk

Front 54

What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?

Back 54

Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle

Front 55

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 55

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 56

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 56

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 57

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

Back 57

Left ventricle

Front 58

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 58

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 59

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

Back 59

Left ventricle

Front 60

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

Back 60

Valves

Front 61

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 61

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 62

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

Back 62

Left ventricle

Front 63

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

Back 63

Valves

Front 64

In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT..

Back 64

A higher resting cardiac output

Front 65

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 65

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 66

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

Back 66

Left ventricle

Front 67

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

Back 67

Valves

Front 68

In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT..

Back 68

A higher resting cardiac output

Front 69

A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patients own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart .

Back 69

Cardiomyoplasty

Front 70

Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ...

Back 70

Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same

Front 71

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

Back 71

Left ventricle

Front 72

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

Back 72

Valves

Front 73

In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT..

Back 73

A higher resting cardiac output

Front 74

A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patients own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart .

Back 74

Cardiomyoplasty

Front 75

True or false (correct if false) : Red blood cells are also known as leukocytes

Back 75

False: white blood cells

Front 76

True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes

Back 76

False: granulocytes

Front 77

True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Back 77

True

Front 78

True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes

Back 78

False: granulocytes

Front 79

True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Back 79

True

Front 80

True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin

Back 80

True

Front 81

True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes

Back 81

False: granulocytes

Front 82

True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Back 82

True

Front 83

True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin

Back 83

True

Front 84

True or false? (Correct if false) : Both lymphocytes and monocytes are granulocytes

Back 84

False: agranulocytes

Front 85

True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes

Back 85

False: granulocytes

Front 86

True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Back 86

True

Front 87

True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin

Back 87

True

Front 88

True or false? (Correct if false) : Both lymphocytes and monocytes are granulocytes

Back 88

False: agranulocytes

Front 89

True or false? (Correct if false) : platelets are fully formed cells involved in blood clotting

Back 89

False: fragments