Cellular Biology Chapter 1

Front 1

Cellular energy metabolism

Back 1

Mitochondria

Front 2

Cellular division, control of genetic material and production of RNA for transport to direct cellular activities elsewhere

Back 2

Nucleus

Front 3

Provides site for cellular protein synthesis and are RNA protein complexes

Back 3

Ribosomes

Front 4

Packages proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum for transport both intracellular and extracellular

Back 4

Golgi Complex

Front 5

Role in synthesis of phopholipids and primarily uses oxygen to remove hydrogent atoms from substrates in oxidative reactions forming hydrogen peroxidase

Back 5

Peroxisomes

Front 6

makes proteins and lipids that make up the cells organelles, contains enzymes that are involved in steroid hormone production and are involved in reactions to remove toxic substances from the cell.

Back 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 7

intracellular digestive system

Back 7

Lysosomes

Front 8

Stores enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, fat and secretory vesicles and represents about half the volume of a eukaryotic cell.

Back 8

Cytosol

Front 9

Plasma Membranes: The major chemical components of all membranes are:

Back 9

Lipids and proteins

Front 10

What is the function of the lipid bilayer membrane?

Back 10

Structural integrity of the membrane

To be impermeable to most water soluble molecules

To allow fat soluble molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through it readily.

Front 11

Proteins serve many functions as part of the cell membrane. Which of the following is NOT a function of cell membrane proteins?

Back 11

Serve as an energy source for the cellular activities

Front 12

List the two types of fibrous structural proteins and the one type of glycoprotein that bind cells together.

Back 12

Collagen = Strength

Elastin = Stretch

Front 13

Plasma membrane receptors (proteins) recognize and bind with ligands (smaller molecules). Each of the following is a ligand EXCEPT:
Hormones
neurotransmitters
antigens
viruses
drugs
phospholipids

Back 13

Phospholipids

Front 14

List the four intercellular chemical messengers that accomplish communication btwn cells.

Back 14

Paracrines
Neurotransmitters
Hormones
Neurohormones

Front 15

After nutrients are consumed orally and hydrolyzed by the intestinal tract into amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose, these constituents are absorbed, circulated in the blood stream and taken up by the cell for vital cellular processes. Via oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria the production of ______________ is one example of a series of reactions called a metabolic pathway.

Back 15

ATP

Front 16

In the hormone induce cell responses mediated by cyclic AMP, what is the target tissue that glucagon has its effect on?

Back 16

Fat - Fat breakdown

Front 17

Movement of a solute (dissolved) molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration.

Back 17

Diffusion

Front 18

Process by which large molecules or ligands that require receptors on the cell membrane to cross and requires the use of energy to cross.

Back 18

Active Transport

Front 19

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a lower water concentration and requires the membrane to be more permeable to water than to solutes.

Back 19

Osmosis

Front 20

Mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes. Blood pressure is an example of this.

Back 20

Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 21

Involves proteins with receptors with a high specificity for substances being transported.

Back 21

Mediated Transport

Front 22

Process of small uncharged molecules moving across the lipid bilayer driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure and diffusion.

Back 22

Passive Transport

Front 23

List two molecules that are two large to passively cross the cell membrane

Back 23

Calcium
Potassium

Front 24

Cellular ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through formation of large vesicles is called ______

Back 24

Phagocytosis

Front 25

Cellular reproduction – tissue growth through cell proliferation requires not only nutrients but also a peptide signal called ____________________.

Back 25

Growth Factors (Cytokines)

Front 26

List the four basic types of tissue

Back 26

Epithelial
Muscle
Neural
Connective