Cell Biology

Front 1

Replication is _____________
Half of the parental strand is passed on to each daughter strand

Back 1

semi conservative

Front 2

DNA replication begins at ______ and is actively occurring at the _________
________

Back 2

Ori (origin of replication)
replication fork

Front 3

Replication occurs in a ______ direction only

Back 3

5' --> 3'

Front 4

Two types of strands during replication:

Back 4

Leading strand
Lagging strand

Front 5

Strand that replicates continuosly

Back 5

Leading strand

Front 6

_________ : These are primed off small RNA primers made by the emzyme primase.

Back 6

Okazaki fragments

Front 7

DNA polymerase can not synthesize DNA in a ________________ direction

Back 7

3'-->5'

Front 8

_________ opens up the double helix in front of the replication fork. Single stranded DNA binding proteins hold the two strands apart.

Back 8

DNA helicase

Front 9

__________ makes a primer. One for the leading strand and many for the lagging strand.

Back 9

DNA primase

Front 10

__________ extends the primers in a 5' --> 3' direction. _______ proofreads and removes the incorrect nucleotides as it copies the parental strand.

Back 10

DNA polymerase

Front 11

__________ removes the primer and the gaps are filled and sealed by a _______ and _______

Back 11

RNAse H
DNA polymerase
ligase

Front 12

______ can only attach the dNTP to the 3' OH- end of the chain. Energy comes from the phosphate bond.

Back 12

DNA polymerase

Front 13

A _______ _______ allows the polymerase to bind DNA and increases processivity of the enzyme.

Back 13

sliding clamp

Front 14

The clamp is brought to the DNA by a ________ ___________

Back 14

clamp loader

Front 15

_______ is a eukaryotic sliding clamp protein

Back 15

PCNA

Front 16

Genetics diseases caused by mutations in DNA repair proteins

Back 16

Bloom's syndrome
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Breast cancer (BRCA)
Fanconi anemia

Front 17

Bloom's syndrome

Back 17

an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the BLM gene (Chrom.22). Caused by defects in DNA helicase (recQ).

Front 18

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)

Back 18

Caused by mutation in a mistmatch repair gene that is inherited. Leads to the accumulation of errors during replication and eventually, transformation of the cell into a cancer cell