Cell Biology

Front 1

Is an alpha helix part of coiled-coils and zinc fingers?

Back 1

no

Front 2

is an alpha helix required for trans-membrane domains?

Back 2

no

Front 3

Can an alpha helix be utilized in secondary and tertiary structures?

Back 3

yes

Front 4

an alpha helix results from hydrogen bonds between every ____ amino acid

Back 4

4th

Front 5

What are the most common forms of secondary structure found in proteins?

Back 5

alpha helix and beta sheet

Front 6

What are the Amino Acid groupings?

Back 6

NSTYQ

KRH

DE

Front 7

Can ligand binding involve ionic bonds?

Back 7

yes

Front 8

Can secondary structure utilize covalent bonds?

Back 8

yes

Front 9

What type of bonds are peptide bonds?

Back 9

Hydrogen bonds

Front 10

Can Van Der Waals forces be involved in ligand bonding?

Back 10

yes

Front 11

Which base interactions are stronger?
A/T or G/C

Back 11

G/C

Front 12

At which carbon do ribose and deoxyribose differ?

Back 12

Carbon number 2

Front 13

What do members of the same protein family have in common?

Back 13

similar domains, high percentage of identical amino acids

Front 14

Excreted proteins must pass through which organelle?

Back 14

Golgi

Front 15

Zinc finger and Intra-chain disulphide bonds are examples of ______ structure.

Back 15

Secondary

Front 16

Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and fructose?

Back 16

sucrose

Front 17

What are the components of a phospholipid?

Back 17

hydrophilic complex, phosphate, glycerol, 2 fatty acids

Front 18

What is the name of the species of the standard plant model?

Back 18

Arabidopsis thaliana

Front 19

Where are ribosomes made?

Back 19

nucleolus

Front 20

At which carbon do glucose and galactose differ?

Back 20

Carbon 4

Front 21

Which organelle helps produce lipids?

Back 21

Smooth ER

Front 22

Standard model for developmental biology

Back 22

Caenorhabditis elegans

Front 23

What type of enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of DNA and RNA?

Back 23

nucleases

Front 24

What amino acids can be phosphorylated?

Back 24

S,T,Y

Front 25

Who invented the microscope?

Back 25

Robert Hooke

Front 26

What are the components of a triglyceride?

Back 26

glycerol, 3 fatty acids

Front 27

What does the phosphate on NADP affect?

Back 27

the reactions it can be coupled to.

Front 28

What is TBP?

Back 28

TATA- binding protein... binds the origin of replication in eukaryotes.

Front 29

On which end to tRNAs carry their amino acid?

Back 29

3' end

Front 30

Is Glucocorticoid receptor a DNA binding protein?

Back 30

yes

Front 31

What does GR function as?

Back 31

transcriptional activator

Front 32

What are distinctive characteristics of tRNAs?

Back 32

An exposed 3 base anti-codon in the middle loop.
Hydrogen bonding between RNA bases causing extensive hairpins.
They are transcribed by PolIII

Front 33

Promoters only contain an operator in ______.

Back 33

Prokaryotes

Front 34

Portion of TFIID that binds DNA to open it to initiate transcription.

Back 34

TBP

Front 35

What is the width of the DNA strand when wrapped into nucleosomes and packed into a fiber?

Back 35

30nm

Front 36

What are the 3 roles of the RNA cap?

Back 36

protection, ribosome recognition, exit nucleus

Front 37

What are the components of an mRNA cap?

Back 37

7-methylguanosine, 5'-5' triphosphate bridge

Front 38

What does UTR stand for?

Back 38

untranslated region

Front 39

What splits DNA to initiate transcription in prokaryotes?

Back 39

sigma factor

Front 40

What type of mutation results from all unrepaired depurinations?

Back 40

"G" removed --> deletion

Front 41

Two key elements of prokaryotic promoter

Back 41

-10, -35 box

Front 42

How many ribosome binding sites are on the mRNA that is the product of lac operon transcription?

Back 42

3

Front 43

What are the three steps of processing a eukaryotic mRNA?

Back 43

capping, splicing, tailing

Front 44

What is an "operator" in the context of a bacterial promoter?

Back 44

sequence where repressor binds.

Front 45

Where are lysosomal proteins made?

Back 45

ER

Front 46

How do most viruses enter a cell?

Back 46

Receptor mediated transport

Front 47

Vesicles headed for the endosome are budded with which protein?

Back 47

clatherin

Front 48

What causes Na/K pump to change conformation?

Back 48

A phosphorylation event that is dependent on Na binding.
A de-phosphorylation event that is dependent on K binding

Front 49

Does PKA contain a localization signal?

Back 49

no, but it is still found in specific locations within the cytoplasm

Front 50

What pathway activates PKA?

Back 50

GPCR alpha-s pathway

Front 51

What are the three ways ion chanels are gated?

Back 51

charge, ligand, mechanical

Front 52

What is the fibrous dimeric protein that makes up the cell cortex?

Back 52

spectrin

Front 53

What effect do unsaturated fatty acids within the phospholipids have on the membrane fluidity?

Back 53

increase fluidity

Front 54

What specific part of a lysosomal protein does a vesicular cargo receptor recognize?

Back 54

mannose 6-phosphate

Front 55

what was the first second messenger discovered?

Back 55

cAMP

Front 56

What enzyme is inhibited by caffeine?

Back 56

cAMP phosphodiesterase

Front 57

What occurs in the medial and trans golgi?

Back 57

modification of carbohydrates, sorting

Front 58

What are the three components of LDL?

Back 58

cholesterol, protein, phospholipids

Front 59

Which coat protein is used on vesicles that traffic between the ER and the golgi?

Back 59

cop

Front 60

which ion has the highest concentration gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid?

Back 60

Calcium

Front 61

What is the full name of the family of proteins that we used as an example of chaperones?

Back 61

heat shock proteins!

Front 62

What amino acid is the carbohydrate tree linked to in the example of glycosylation we talked about?

Back 62

Asparagine (N)

Front 63

What signal did Gunter Bloebel discover that earned him a Nobel Prize?

Back 63

KDEL - ER retention signal

Front 64

3 types of cytoskeletal filaments

Back 64

intermediate filaments, microtubules, actin filaments

Front 65

Makeup of intermediate filaments

Back 65

coiled coil dimers --> staggered tetramer --> 8 tetramers coiled into tough rope

Front 66

types of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments

Back 66

keratins: in epitheila
vimentin: in connective tissue, muscle cells, and neurological cells
neurofilaments: in nerve cells

Front 67

nuclear lamins

Back 67

intermediate filaments found in nucleus of all nucleated cells

Front 68

microbutules are made of ...

Back 68

alpha-beta tubulin dimers

Front 69

beta subunit of microbutule is a...

Back 69

G protein
Unstable when bound to GDP
grows rapidly when bound to GTP

Front 70

Taxol

Back 70

cancer medication that binds microtubules and prevents disassembly (kills dividing cells)

Front 71

Vinblastin/ vincristine/ colchicine

Back 71

cancer medications that bind free tubulin and prevent assembly

Front 72

Saltatory movement

Back 72

sustained directional movement along microtubules
kinesins: toward + end
dyneins: toward - end

Front 73

actin filaments

Back 73

twisted chain of identical actin globular molecules
can grow on either end, but grow faster on + end

Front 74

thymosin and profilin

Back 74

bind to actin monomers to keep them from polymerizing when it is not needed

Front 75

types of actin binding proteins

Back 75

nucleating, bundling, motor, side-binding, capping, cross-linking (cell cortex), severing

Front 76

Integrins

Back 76

membrane proteins that link actin to extracellular matrix

Front 77

MPF

Back 77

mitosis promoting factor
cdk1 + cyclin B

Front 78

cyclin D

Back 78

causes cell to exit G0 and enter G1

Front 79

cancer phenotypes

Back 79

loss of checkpoints, loss of apoptosis, immortality, genetic instability, loss of cell adhesion, loss of contact inhibition, angiogenesis