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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory
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Formed in early 1800's and says that bodies of plants and animals are aggregations of individual yet differentiated cells
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Prokaryote
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No nucleus, lacks organelles, lacks cytoskeleton, DNA contained in nucleoid
Ex. archaea and bacteria |
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Eukaryote
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Has nucleus, organelles, cytoskeleton, DNA contained in nucleus
Ex. animals & plants |
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Nucleoid
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A region of DNA in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
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Organelles
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A specialized, membrane-bound part of the cell; found only in eukaryotes
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Cell Wall
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The rigid outermost layer of the cells found in plants, some protists, and most prokaryotes
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Protoplast
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The protoplasm of an individual cell; in plants, the unit of protoplasm inside the cell wall
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Protoplasm
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General term for the living substances of all cells
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Cytoplasm
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The living matter of a cell, excluding the nucleus; the protoplasm
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Nucleus
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A specialized body within the eukaryotic cell bounded by a double-membrane and containing chromosomes
The central part of an atom of a chemical element |
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Cytosol
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The cytoplasmic matrix of the cytoplasm in which the nucleus, organelles, and membrane systems are suspended
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Plasma Membrane
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Outer boundary of the cytoplasm, next to the cell wall; consists of single membrane; also called cell membrane or ectoplast
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Vacuole
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A space of cavity within the cytoplasm filled with a watery fluid called cell sap
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Tonoplast
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The cytoplasmic membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells; also called vascular membrane
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Cytoplasmic Streaming
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The streaming of cytoplasm within a cell
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Nuclear Envelope
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The double-membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A complex, 3-D membrane system of indefinite extent in eukaryotic cells, dividing the cytoplasm into compartments and channels
Those portions that are densely coated with ribosomes are called the rough ER as opposed to the ribosome-less smooth ER |
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Chromatin
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The deeply staining complex of DNA and proteins that forms eukaryotic chromosomes
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Nucleoplasm
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The ground substance of a nucleus
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Haploid
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Having only one set of chromosomes
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Diploid
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Having two sets of chromosomes
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Ribosomes
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A small particle composed of protein and RNA; the site of protein synthesis
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Polysomes
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An aggregation of ribosomes actively involved in the translation of the same RNA molecule, one after another
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Plastids
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An organelle in the cells of certain groups of eukaryotes that is the site of such activities as food manafacture and storage; plastids are bound by two membranes
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Thylakoid
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A sac-like membranous structure in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of eukaryotic organisms; in chloroplasts, stacks of thylakoids form the grana; chlorphylls are found within the thylakoids
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Stroma
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The ground substance of plastids
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Chloroplast
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A plastid in which chlorophylls are contained; the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts occur in plants and algae |
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Grana
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Structures within chloroplasts; seen as green granules with a light microscope as a series of stacked thylakoids with an electron microscope; the grana contain the chlorophylls and carotenoids and are the sites of the light reactions of photosynthesis
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Chromoplast
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A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments
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Leucoplast
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A colorless plastid; commonly centers of starch formation
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Protoplastid
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The immature form of a plastid
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Prolamellar Bodies
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Semicrystalline body found in plastids arrested in development by the absence of light
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Etioplast
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Plastid of a plant grown in the dark and containing a prolamellar mody
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Mitochondrion
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A double-membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells; contains the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the electron-transport chain; the major source of ATP in nonphotosynthetic cells
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Peroxisomes
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Spherical, single-membrane bound organelles
Some involved with photorespiration while others help to covert fats to sugars during seed germination |
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Cell Sap
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The fluid contents of the vacuole; high water content
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Smooth ER
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Part of the ER without ribosomes; helps with lipid synthesis
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Rough ER
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Part of the ER studded with ribosomes; helps with membrane and protein synthesis
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Oil Bodies
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Golgi Apparatus
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Refers to all the Golgi bodies in a given cell
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Golgi Bodies
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In eukaryotes, a group of flat disc-like sacs that are often branched into tubules at their margins; serve as collecting and packaging centers for the cell and concerned with secretory activities
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Exocytosis
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Endomembrane System
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Cytoskeleton
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Microtubule
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Actin Filament
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Flagella
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Cilia
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Cell Wall
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Cellulose
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Microfibril
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Hemicellulose
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Pectin
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Glycoprotein
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Extensins
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Lignin
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Cutin, Suberin, Waxes
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Primary Wall
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Middle Lamella
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Secondary Wall
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Primary Pit-Field
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Pits
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Pit Membrane
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Pit-Pair
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Pit Cavity
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Expansins
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Cellulose Synthase
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Plasmodesmata
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Cell Division
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Daughter Cells
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Cytokinesis
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Mitosis
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Cell Cycle
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Interphase
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M Phase
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Initials
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Apical Meristems
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G0 Phase
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Checkpoints
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S Phase
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G1 Phase
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Centrioles
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Centrosome
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G2 Phase
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Phragmosome
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Preprophase Band
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Cell Plate
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Prophase
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Sister Chromatids
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Centromere
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Metaphase
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Mitotic Spindle
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Kinetochores
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Anaphase
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Daughter Chromosomes
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Motor Proteins
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Telophase
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Phragmoplast
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