Bm211 Block C

Front 1

What domain are fungi from

Back 1

Eukarya

Front 2

Fungi are split into two categories

Back 2

Yeasts and moulds

Front 3

Hyphae

Back 3

Filamentous cells that form a matrix

Front 4

Conidia

Back 4

Asexual spores that are resistant to UV light

Front 5

Mycelia

Back 5

Compact Tufts of hyphae

Front 6

Most fungal cell walls are made of

Back 6

Chitin

Front 7

Mycorrhizae

Back 7

A mutualistic symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant

Front 8

Mycoses

Back 8

Fungal infections

Front 9

Three ways fungi reproduce asexually

Back 9

Growth and spread of hyphal filaments

Asexual production of spores

Cell division (budding yeasts)

Front 10

How many main fungal lineages are there

Back 10

5

Front 11

Cytridomycetes

Back 11

Earliest fungal lineage

Front 12

Bartrachochytrium

Back 12

Implicated in the massive die off of amphibians

Front 13

Ascomycetes

Back 13

Highly diverse as they span form baker's yeast to common moulds

Front 14

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Back 14

Yeast uses in the production of beer, bread and other fermented foods

Front 15

What are the two mating types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Back 15

Alpha

A

Front 16

How do hyphal cells grow?

Back 16

From the tip in branches

Front 17

Hyphal growth at tip is facilitated by

Back 17

Spitzenkorper

Front 18

Subapical endocytic ring

Back 18

Allows the closing off of the hyphal end as it begins to branch

Front 19

Post Golgi/sorting endosome allows

Back 19

Translational modification of proteins as they are delivered to the growing tip

Front 20

The material that allows the growth of the apical tip are generally called

Back 20

Cargo loaded secretory vessels

Front 21

Roughly how many fungal species can cause human disease

Back 21

50

Front 22

Fungi cause disease through three major mechanisms

Back 22

Inappropriate immune responses

Toxins

Host infection

Front 23

What toxin does aspergillus produce

Back 23

Alflatoxin

Front 24

What are the three categories of mycosis

Back 24

Superficial

Subcutaneous

Systemic

Front 25

Dermatophytes

Back 25

Fungi that cause superficial mycoses

Front 26

Histoplasmosis

Back 26

One of the most widespread primary fungal infections

Affects the lungs

Front 27

Why are fungal infection difficult to treat

Back 27

Fungi are eukaryotic meaning much of our cellular machinery is the same

Front 28

What are the two main classes of ergosterol inhibitors

Back 28

Polyenes

Azoles

Front 29

Azoles inhibit

Back 29

The enzyme which converts lanosterol to ergosterol

Front 30

How do Polyenes work?

Back 30

Works by binding to sterols in the fungal membrane which disrupts the membrane integrity

Front 31

All ______ produce natural products called microbial ______ which can have ______ or ____ properties

Back 31

Fungi

Metabolites

Antibacterial or antifungal

Front 32

Penicillin is a ______

Back 32

Fungus

Beta lactam antibiotic

Front 33

Enchinocandins

Back 33

New class of antifungals that inhibit the synthesis of glucan in the cell wall

Front 34

What two commonly used drugs do fungi produce

Back 34

Stains

Immunosuppresants

Front 35

Aspergillus produces what kind of acid

Back 35

Citric acid

Front 36

Yeast artificial chromosomes

Back 36

Genetically engineered chromosomes derived from DNA of yeast

inserted sequences can be cloned and physically mapped using a process called chromosome walking