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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative membranes |
Gram positive have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane |
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What is lipoteichonic acid? |
Teichonic acids that are covalently bound to membrane lipids |
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Morphology |
Refers to the cells shape |
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Major cell morphologies |
Coccus Rod Spirillium |
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Actinobacteria |
Gram positive High G-C content within genome Largest and most complicated groups of bacteria |
Genome makeup |
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Mycoplasma |
Tenericutes - gram positive Some of the smallest organisms capable of autonomous growth Lack cell walls |
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Pleomorphic |
Groups of cells of the same species are very different from each other |
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Lactobacillus |
Firmicutes Fermentative bacteria that produces lactic acid from lactose Used within the food industry extensively |
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Streptococcus |
Gram positive Important for the production of buttermilk, silage and other products |
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Staphylococcus |
Commonly found in humans and animals S.aureus is associated with many pathological conditions |
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Bacillus, Clostridium and sporosarcina |
Gram positive bacteria with low GC content |
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What are the three forms of anthrax |
Cutaneous Gastrointestinal Inhalational |
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AB toxins |
Toxins with an intracellular target that have two functionally distinct region A has enzymatic activity (part that causes the damage) B is responsible for host cell binding or entry of A unit into cell |
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What is unusual about anthrax toxin |
It has three toxin subunits 2A unit and 1B unit |
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Extracellular components of gram negative bacteria |
Capsule Fimbriae Flagella Pilus |
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Fimbrae |
Extracellular component of gram negative bacteria that allows attachment to surfaces |
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Pilus |
Extracellular component that allows gram negative bacteria to share genetic info |
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Proteobacteria is sub-divided into 5 classes |
Alpha Beta Delta Gamma Epsilon
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Gammaproteobacteria contains many pathogen organisms such as |
Escherichia Salmonella Shigella Klebsiella |
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Ecoli morphology |
Straight rods |
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Pseudomonad aeruginosa |
Gammaproteobacteria that causes cystic fibrosis |
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Two ways to isolate microbes from the environment |
Direct isolation Enrichment culture |
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How is a most probable number calculated |
Serial dilution is carried out until final tube shows no growth |
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Copiotrophs |
Microbes that exist primarily in a resting phase with brief periods of activity |
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Why would a bacteria be viable but nonculturable |
Bacteria is in a state of very low metabolic activity They do not divide |
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