Bm211 Block B

Front 1

The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates…..

Back 1

bacterial cells with different types of cell walls

Front 2

In Gram’s stain, what colour are Gram–negative cells?

Back 2

Pink

Front 3

Which taxon is NOT Gram–positive? A) Streptomyces B) Bacillus C) Pseudomonas D) Streptococcus E) Staphylococcus

Back 3

Pseudomonas is Gram–negative

Front 4

Which feature(s) differentiate(s) Actinobacteria from Firmicutes?

Back 4

relative G+C content in their genomes?

Front 5

Which bacterial genus is used for fermenting cabbage to make homemade sauerkraut?

Back 5

Lactobacillus

Front 6

Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause ALL of the following diseases EXCEPT A) wound infection B) arthritis C) boils D) dental caries E) septicemia.

Back 6

dental caries

Front 7

In comparison to bacteria that do have cell walls, ________ is a consequence of mycoplasmas lacking a cell wall.

Back 7

In comparison to bacteria that do have cell walls, FREQUENT EXISTANCE AS OBLIGATE SYMBIONTS is a consequence of mycoplasmas lacking a cell wall.

Front 8

A moistened swab rubbed onto a person's forearm then onto a nutrient agar plate with 7.5% NaCl would MOST likely result in the isolation of ________ spp.

Back 8

Staphylococcus

Front 9

Which organisms would MOST likely be isolated from aerobic growth conditions with acetate and a soil sample heated to 80°C for 10 min?

Back 9

Which organisms would MOST likely be isolated from aerobic growth conditions with acetate and a soil sample heated to 80°C for 10 min?

Front 10

Mycolic acids are exclusively present in Mycobacterium spp. and can be distinguished by a(n) ________ staining procedure and is a diagnostic utility to identify mycobacteria.

Back 10

Mycolic acids are exclusively present in Mycobacterium spp. and can be distinguished by an ACID FAST staining procedure and is a diagnostic utility to identify mycobacteria.

Front 11

Which of the following is LEAST commonly associated with endospore–forming bacteria? A) coccus–shaped B) defense C) dormancy D) saprophytic E) heat–resistance

Back 11

coccus–shaped

Front 12

Streptomyces grow by

Back 12

polarized growth

Front 13

Which of the following bacterial genera are Gram positive? Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus

Back 13

Streptococcus

Front 14

Which bacterial genus lacks a cell wall? Mycoplasma, Mycobacteerium, Corynebacterium, Lactoccus

Back 14

Mycoplasma

Front 15

Which of the following bacterial genera form spores? Streptomyces, Bacillus, Clostridium, Mycobacterium

Back 15

Streptomyces, Bacillus, Clostridium

Front 16

Which type of protein is repsonsible for cell-entry of anthrax toxins?

Back 16

primary antigen

Front 17

Which of the following bacterial genera are used for yoghurt production? Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactococcus

Back 17

Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus

Front 18

An example of a magnetotactic bacterium is….

Back 18

Magnetospirillum

Front 19

Caulobacter crescentus is a model organism used to study…..

Back 19

Cellular differentiation

Front 20

The genus Neisseria is associated with which two diseases?

Back 20

Gonorrhoea and Meningitis

Front 21

Bordetella pertussis causes which disease?

Back 21

Whooping cough

Front 22

Name the bacterium associated with the phrase 'wolfpack'

Back 22

Myxococcus xanthus (it is a social predator)

Front 23

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell walls of

Back 23

Gram–negative Bacteria

Front 24

Which of the following organisms is Gram–negative? A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis B) Escherichia coli C) Bacillus subtilis D) Streptomyces coelicolor E) Clostridium difficile

Back 24

B) Escherichia coli

Front 25

Although the inner leaflet of the Gram–negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane also contains

Back 25

lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Front 26

In Gram–negative bacteria, the space between the membranes if called the:

Back 26

Periplasm

Front 27

Which bacterial cell envelope component is made of N–acetylglucosamine and N–acetylmuramic acid?

Back 27

Peptidoglycan

Front 28

polysaccharide can also be referred to as:

Back 28

Endotoxin

Front 29

The inner membrane of Gram–negative bacteria can also be referred to as the:

Back 29

Cytoplasmic membrane

Front 30

Which component of the bacterial cell envelope is degraded by the enzyme lysozyme?

Back 30

Peptidoglycan

Front 31

Give four examples of industrial/environment applications of bacteria

Back 31

Antibiotic production, Enzyme production, Degradation of pesticides, Degradation of hydrocarbons

Front 32

Which of the following is not required to isolate a microorganism from the environment? A) A medium that is selective for the desired organism B) A medium that is de–selective for undesired organisms C) Growth temperature similar to the environment D) 37°C growth temperature E) 4°C growth temperature

Back 32

4°C growth temperature

Front 33

Which of the following are not used for the cultivation of aerobic bacteria? A) agar plates B) agar shake–tubes C) shake flasks D) microtiter dishes E) enrichment culture

Back 33

B

Front 34

Give four examples of typical properties of oligotrophic bacteria

Back 34

1. Grow continuously 2. Grow slowly 3. Nutrient uptake enzymes with high affinity 4. Have Nutrient uptake enzymes with low specificity

Front 35

Give four examples of features of viable but non cultureable bacteria

Back 35

Do not divide, Cannot grow on standard growth media, Morphologically smaller, Reduced nutrient transport / respiration / synthesis of macromolecules

Front 36

A soil sample was diluted into a nutrient broth, then spread onto a plate and grown for one week at room temperature. Several colonies appeared dusty or fuzzy and yet were identified as bacteria–not as fungi. Which genus do these isolates likely belong in?

Back 36

Streptomyces

Front 37

Give four reasons why bacteria form biofilms

Back 37

protection from predation, protection from antibiotics, allows occupancy of a favourable niche, allows cells to communicate / be close together

Front 38

What is the major disadvantage in enumeration bacteria by direct counting?

Back 38

Cannot distinguish between live and dead bacteria

Front 39

Bioremediation of uranium depends on

Back 39

metal–reducing bacteria

Front 40

What factors most likely limited the rate of petroleum degradation after the Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska?

Back 40

temperature and inorganic nutrient concentrations

Front 41

Some benefits of growing in a microbial biofilm formation include….

Back 41

niche occupancy, nutrient trapping, communication

Front 42

100 µl of a 10-7 dilution of a bacterial culture were plated onto an agar plate giving 46 colonies. What was the titre of the original culture?

Back 42

4.6x10e9 cfu/ml

Front 43

Examples of bacterial genera that can degrade plastic include….

Back 43

Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Bacillus

Front 44

Advantages of metagenomic analysis over 16S amplicon sequencing for bacteria community analysis include….

Back 44

identification of all genes, discovery of new genes

Front 45

The major bottleneck in antibiotic discovery is…

Back 45

rediscovery of existing compounds