Bm211 Block E

Front 1

The Archaea are

Back 1

diverse microorganisms that inhabit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals.

Front 2

The Archaeae are capable of diverse metabolic processes including….

Back 2

Chemolithotrophy, chemoorganotrophy, aerobic respiration and photolithotrophy

Front 3

Some of the largest naturally occurring plasmids occur in the

Back 3

extreme halophiles

Front 4

Most halobacteria use __________ as a carbon substrate

Back 4

Most halobacteria use AMINO & ORGANIC ACIDS as a carbon substrate

Front 5

The Cytoplasmic proteins of Halobacterium are __________

Back 5

The Cytoplasmic proteins of Halobacterium are HIGHLY ACIDIC

Front 6

What special adaptation has Thermoplasma evolved to survive in hot acidic environments?

Back 6

Thermoplasma stabilise their cytoplasmic membrane by incorporation of tetraether lipoglycans in the cytoplasmic membrane.

Front 7

A chemoorganotroph growing optimally at 55°C and pH 2 in complex media would most likely be a member of the genus _____

Back 7

Thermoplasma

Front 8

Which genus within Archaea is capable of growth at the hottest temperature recorded of 122°C?

Back 8

Methanopyrus

Front 9

What makes the metabolism of Ferroglobus interesting in the context of evolution

Back 9

Ferroglobus is an anaerobic iron–oxidizing chemolithotrophic autotroph that may represent a key metabolism that allowed for the oxidation of ferrous iron without molecular oxygen.

Front 10

Hot sulphur–rich environments associated with terrestrial sulphur–rich springs are called

Back 10

solfataras

Front 11

Archaea lack what polysaccharide in their cell wall?

Back 11

Peptidoglycan

Front 12

Structural differences between Archaeal and bacterial flagella are and example of……

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Convergent evolution

Front 13

Picrophilus is an extremophile that is highly tolerant to….

Back 13

Acidic conditions

Front 14

Give an example of an Archaea that grows in iron mine tailings

Back 14

Ferroplasma

Front 15

Examples of genera of the Crenarchaeota include….

Back 15

Sulfolobus, Acidianus, Thermoproteus, Pyrobaculum

Front 16

Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma lack……

Back 16

Cell walls

Front 17

Certain types of sponge can form a mutualism with…..

Back 17

Cyanobacteria

Front 18

The squid Euprymna scolopes forms a mutualism with…..

Back 18

Vibrio fischeri (to make light for predation avoidance)

Front 19

Mycorrhizae are a symbiosis between which two type of organism?

Back 19

Plants and Fungi

Front 20

Plants produce what type of molecule to attract Rhizobial bacteria?

Back 20

Flavonoid

Front 21

What type of animal is a Hydra?

Back 21

Cnidarian

Front 22

Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in a symbiotic relationship called

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mutualism

Front 23

Mitochondria originated from the

Back 23

prokaryotes

Front 24

Buchnera is the primary endosymbiont of ________

Back 24

Aphids

Front 25

Wigglesworthia is the primary endosymbiont of the

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TseTse fly

Front 26

What process occurs in plant root nodules?

Back 26

Nitrogen fixation

Front 27

In insects, primary symbionts are ________, while secondary symbionts ________.

Back 27

In insects, primary symbionts are REQUIRED FOR HOST REPRODUCTION, while secondary symbionts ARE NOT.

Front 28

A species of insect that lives solely on pine sap was found to contain a bacterial symbiont. Genome sequencing of both the host and the symbiont revealed that the symbiont lacked many genes required for energy production, and the host lacked genes for biosynthesis of several essential amino acids. What is/are the most likely mechanism(s) that caused the loss of these genes?

Back 28

coevolution

Front 29

A mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum is able to survive and reproduce in the laboratory outside of plant roots, but can no longer initiate root nodule formation. What type of genes are most likely mutated in this mutant?

Back 29

nod genes

Front 30

The insect symbiont Wolbachia can be used to suppress disease transmission by mosquitoes because

Back 30

Wolbachia supplies essential nutrients to the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.

Front 31

What is the route of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi from the Triatome bug to the human?

Back 31

From the faeces

Front 32

Give two examples of non-invasive flagellated parasites

Back 32

Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia

Front 33

Give three examples of Apicomplexan parasites

Back 33

Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, Plasmodium falciparum

Front 34

Give three examples of Amoebae

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Acanthamoeba castellani, Naegleria fowleri, Entamoeba histolytica

Front 35

Give an example of a flagellated parasite that forms cysts?

Back 35

Giardia intestinalis

Front 36

Give an example of a ciliated parasite

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Balantidium coli

Front 37

Metronidazole can be used to treat…….

Back 37

Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis, Balantidium coli

Front 38

Cysts enable parasites to survive

Back 38

the acidic conditions of the stomach

Front 39

What is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

Back 39

Cat

Front 40

What is the order of events in the Plasmodium life cycle?

Back 40

Sporozoites, schizont, merozoites, ring stage trophozoite, gametocytes, ookinete, oocyst

Front 41

What distinguishes Leishmania mexicana from Leishmania donovani?

Back 41

Large parasitophorous vacuole with multiple amastigotes

Front 42

Where could you detect the parasite in human African trypanosomiasis?

Back 42

Blood

Front 43

What can be consequences of invasive amoebiasis?

Back 43

Abscess in liver, lung, brain

Front 44

How many trophozoites does Entamoeba histolytica form per cyst?

Back 44

eight

Front 45

What are the multiple cell bodies in a brain cyst of Toxoplasma gondii called?

Back 45

Bradyzoites

Front 46

Which insect is the vector of Plasmodium?

Back 46

Anopheles

Front 47

What is the flagellated stage of Plasmodium called?

Back 47

microgamete