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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Surface Tension
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A measure of the force necessary to stretch or break the surface of a liquid, is related to cohesion
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Why does water have a greater surface tension?
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Hydrogen bonds resist stretching or breaking the surface
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How does Water moderate temperature?
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Water stabilizes air temperature by absorbing heat from warmer air and releasing heat to cooler air.
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Define: Kinetic Energy
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The energy of motion
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Define: Heat
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Heat is a measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter
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Define: Temperature
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Temperature measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules
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What happens when an object of two different temperatures meet?
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Heat passes from warmer to cooler until they are the same
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Define: Calorie
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One calorie is the measure of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 Celsius
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Define: Kilocalorie
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A kilocalorie is the measure of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1000g of water by 1 celsius
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What is a joule:
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A measurement of energy. Equivalent to .239 Cal
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Define: Specific Heat
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The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius
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What is the specific heat of water?
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1 cal per gram per degree Celsius or 1 cal/g/C
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Why does water resist changes in temperature?
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Because it takes a lot of energy to speed up it's molecules
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Why does water have high specific heat?
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Because of Hydrogen Bonds
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What is the impact of water's high specific heat?
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Regulates the Earth's climate
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What is the transformation of a molecule from a liquid to a gas called?
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Vaporization/Evaporation
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Define: Heat of Vaporization
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The quantity of heat that a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from a liquid to a gaseous state.
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What happens when a Liquid Evaporates?
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The surface of the liquid that remains behind cools
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What is Evaporative Cooling?
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When a liquid evaporates the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools
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What is a solution?
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A solution is a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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What is an Aqueous solution?
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An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.
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What is a solvent?
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The dissolving agent
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What is a solute?
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The substance that is dissolved
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Define: Hydration Shell
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When a solute is being dissolved in an aqueous (water) solution the partially positive H atoms surround the solute (forming a shell) and attach to make bonds with the atoms of the solute, breaking them apart and making them part of the solution.
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Define: Hydrophilic
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A substance that has an affinity for water
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Define: Hydrophobic
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Substances that have no affinity for water
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What is a Mol
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A mole is equal to the molecular weight of a substance, but recal'd to daltons
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What is Avogadro's Number?
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6.02X10^23
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What is molarity?
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The concentration of a material in a solution
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What part of the pH scale is most acidic?
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0
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What part of the pH scale is most basic
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14
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What is an acid?
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An acid is a substance that increases H+ ions or decreases the OH- ions
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What is a base?
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A base is anything that increases OH- concentration or decreases H+ ions
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If there is a beaker on the table with liquid in it. What are the 3 questions you ask?
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pH Level, Temperature, what's dissolved in it?
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What is a Hydronium Ion?
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A water molecule with an extra H+ attached
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What is a buffer?
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A buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and a weak base that stabilizes the pH of a solution by changing strong acids into weak acids or strong bases in weak bases.
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Draw the Bicarbonate buffer system.
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10 Marks.
Dont forget negatives and boxes and equilibrium |
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Prove the bicarbonate buffer system.
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HCL + NaHCO3 -> H2Co3 + NaCl
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What are the 4 chemicals you'd find in a biology lab?
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Carbonic Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrogen Chloride
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What part of the pH scale is most acidic?
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0
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What part of the pH scale is most basic
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14
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What is an acid?
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An acid is a substance that increases H+ ions or decreases the OH- ions
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What is a base?
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A base is anything that increases OH- concentration or decreases H+ ions
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If there is a beaker on the table with liquid in it. What are the 3 questions you ask?
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pH Level, Temperature, what's dissolved in it?
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What is a Hydronium Ion?
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A water molecule with an extra H+ attached
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What is a buffer?
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A buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and a weak base that stabilizes the pH of a solution by changing strong acids into weak acids or strong bases in weak bases.
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Draw the Bicarbonate buffer system.
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10 Marks.
Dont forget negatives and boxes and equilibrium |
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Prove the bicarbonate buffer system.
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HCL + NaHCO3 -> H2Co3 + NaCl
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What are the 4 chemicals you'd find in a biology lab?
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Carbonic Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrogen Chloride
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List the 4 strong/weak acids and strong/weak bases
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HCl = Hydrochloric Acid, H2Co3= Carbonic Acid, NaOH= Sodium Hydroxide, NaHCo3 = Sodium Bicarbonate
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Why is the Bicarbonate Buffer system so important?
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Because it is the only buffer system in direct contact with the environment
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