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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 kinds of polysaccarides?
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Chitin
Cellulose Glycogen Starch |
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What are the 6 Functional Groups
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Methyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Phosphate, Amino
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Where can Methyl be found?
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In fatty acids
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Where can Hydroxyl be found?
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In amino acids and sugars
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What are the secondary structures
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helix and pleat
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Cholesterol and Sterols
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Sterols- have a 4 C ring backbone and have no fatty acids in it
Cholesterol- found in cell membranes and give the membranes rigidness and stability- also aids in the formation of sex hormones |
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Waxes
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Made of alcohal and fatty acids
used to by plants to coat their leaves and helps to repel water |
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What are the five kinds of lipids
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Phospholipids
Waxes Cholesterol and sterols Fats Triglycerides |
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What makes a triglyceride?
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A glycerol, and three fatty acids
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What functional group is found in a fatty acid
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carboxyl
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What are the 3 levels of protein structure and what do they look like?
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Primary- straight path of amino acids
Secondary- Helix and Pleat Tertiary- Coiled coils and barrel |
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What are the five functions of proteins?
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1) Hemogloben is a protein- crucial for blood
2) Enzymes are proteins- needed for cell movement and for reactions to occur in the body 3) Proteins are used to construct structures in your body like muscles and bone 4) Proteins are a part of your immune system 5) Proteins store energy |
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How many waters are formed when a triglyceride is made?
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3
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What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?
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A phospholipid has a phosphate group added to it
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What is a peptide bond?
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A bond that connects two amino acids together- peptide bonds are used to form proteins
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Which 2 functional groups are involved in a peptide bond?
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An amino group of one amino acid and a carboxyl group of another amino acid
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What is the formula for all 3 disaccarides?
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C12H22O11
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Lactose is made of what?
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A glucose and a galactose
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Sucrose is made of what?
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A glucose and a fructose
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Maltose is made of what?
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A glucose and a glucose
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What is used to build organic compounds?
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enzymes
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Functional groups
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lone atoms or clusters of atoms that give a molecule specific chemical properties
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Organic compounds
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molecules of life that living cells produce
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what do nucleic acids do?
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they help form and code DNA and they hold the code for how to make proteins in the body
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What do lipids do?
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Lipids store energy and form the cell membranes
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Monomer Polymer
Glycerol+3 FA _______ ________ Proteins Nucleotides _________ |
1) Triglyceride
2) Amino Acids 3) Nucleic Acids |
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Polymer
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composed of a repeating pattern of monomers
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Monomer
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The building blocks of polymers
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Phospholipid
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Its what makes up the cell membrane
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Plants make ____ fats
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Unsaturated
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If a fatty acid only contains single bonds than it is ____
if a fatty acid contains double or triple bonds it is ___ |
1) Saturated
2) Unsaturated |
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What is the difference between cellulose and starch
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you can't digest cellulose
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What is chitin used for?
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Used to build the walls of fungi and is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
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What is cellulose used for?1
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used to build the cell walls of plant cells
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what is glycogen used for?
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it is an animal sugar used and produced by animal cells
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what is starch used for?
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it is a plant sugar used and produced by plant cells
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what are sugars used for in the body
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energy
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There are __ C atoms in a fructose backbone and there are ___ C atoms in a glucose backbone
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1) 4
2) 5 |
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What is the difference between glucose and fructose
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The position of the H and the OH atoms
Fructose has a pentagon backbone and glucose has a hexagon backbone |
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Hexose
1)definition 2) formula 3) example 4) shape |
1) a molecule with 6 carbon atoms
2) C6H12O6 3) Glucose Galactose and Fructose 4) Hexagon |
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Pentose
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a molecule with five C atoms
C5H10O5 Deoxiribose and Ribose Pentagon backbone |
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triose
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a molecule with 3 C atoms in it
C3H6O3 PGAL straight C backbone |
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what are the 3 categories of monosaccarides
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triose pentose hexose
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what are the 4 main classes of carbs
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monosaccarides
polysaccarides olgiosaccarides disaccarides |
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what are carbs used for in the body
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energy
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Hydrolysis
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When one molecule splits into two smaller molecules
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condensation
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when two molecules bond and become one molecule
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what are the different types of enzyme reactions
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functional group transfer
electron transfer rearrangement hydrolysis condenstation |
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which is liquid at room temperature unsaturated lipids or saturated lipids
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unsaturated
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what are the 3 main components of a phospholipid
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glycerol
a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids |
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What is used to build organic compounds?
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enzymes
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what are the monomers of DNA
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ribose and dioxiribose
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where can a phosphate group be found?
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phospholipids, nucleotides, DNA and RNA
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where can an amino group be found
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amino acids and nucleotides
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where can a carboxyl group be found?
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fatty acids and amino acids
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what are the three types of disaccarides
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lactose maltose and sucrose
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where can carbonyl be found?
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amino acids sugars and nucleotides
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